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CCNA Chapter 2 Networking Fundamentals Key Terms

Terms

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Application Layer
This layer provides services to application processes that are outside the OSI reference model.
bandwidth
The amount of information that can flow through a network connection in a given period of time.
bridge
A layer 2 device designed to create two or more LAN segments, each of which is a separate collision domain.
broadcast
A data packet that is sent to all nodes on a network.
broadcast domain
The set of all devices that receive broadcast frames originiating from any device in the set.
bus topology
Also called linear bus, this topology connects all the devices with a single cable.
collision
In Ethernet, the result of two nodes transmitting simultaneously. The frames from each device impact and are damaged when they meet on the physical medium.
collision domain
In Ethernet, the network area within which frames that have collided are propagated.
data link layer
This layer of the OSI model provides transit of data across a physical link. Concerned with physical addressing, network topology, error notification and flow control
firewall
A router or access server designated as a buffer between any connected public networks and private network
flooding
A traffic-passing technique used by switches and bridges in which traffic received on an interface is sent out all that device's interfaces except the interface on which the information was received originally.
frame
A logical grouping of information sent as a data link layer unit over a transmission medium.
full-mesh topology
Connects all devices to each other for redundancy and fault tolerance.
hub
A common connection point for devices in a network.
intranet
A common LAN configuration that is designed to be accessed by users who have access privileges to an organizations internal LAN.
Local Area Network
A high-speed, low-error data network covering a relatively small geographic area.
MAC
A hardware address that uniquely identifies each node of a network.
MAN
A network that spans a metropolitan area. Generally spans a large geographic area than a LAN but a smaller geographic area than a WAN.
microsegmentation
Allows the creation of private dedicated segments.
NIC
A printed circuit board that fits into the expansion slot of a bus on a computer motherboard.
network layer
This layer of the OSI model provides connectivity and path selection between two end systems. This is the layer where routing occurs.
OSI Reference Model
A network architectural model developed by the ISO, that consists of seven layers.
Packet
A logical grouping of information that includes a header containing control information and usually, user data.
Peer-to-peer communication
A form of communication in which each layer of the OSI model at the source must communicate with its peer layers at the destination.
Physical layer
This layer of the OSI model defines the electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional specifications for activating, maintaining, and deactivating the physical link between end systems.
Presenation layer
This layer of the OSI model ensures that information snet by the application layer of one system can be read by the application layer of another.
Protocol
A formal description of a set of rules and conventions that govern how devices on a network exchange information.
repeater
A networking device that exists at Layer 1. whose purpose is to regenerate and retime network signals at the bit level.
Ring topology
A topology in which hosts are connected in the form of a ring or circle.
Router
A type of internetworking device that passes data packets between networks based on Layer 3 addresses. Can make decisions regarding the best path for delivery of data on the network.
Segment
In the TCP specifications, a logical information group at the transport layers of the OSI reference model.
Session layer
Layer 5 of the OSI reference model. This layer establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between applications and manages data exchange between presentation layer entities.
Star topology
The most commonly used physical topology in Ethernet LANs. This topology is made up of a central connection point that is a device such as a hub, switch, or router, where all the cabling segments meet.
SAN
A dedicated, high-performance network that moves data between servers and storage resources.
switch
A device that connects LAN segments, uses a table of MAC addresses to determine the segment on which a frame needs to be transmitted, and reduces traffic.
throughput
The rate of information arriving at or passing through a particular point in a network system
token passing
An access method by which network devices access the physical medium in an orderly fashion based on ossession of a small frame called a token.
Transport layer
This layer of the OSI model is responsible for reliable network communication between end nodes. Provides mechanisms to establish, maintain, and terminate virtual circuits, transport fault detection and recovery, and information flow control.
VPN
A private network constructed within a public network infrastructure such as the global Internet.
WAN
A data communications network that serves users across a broad geographic area and often uses transmission devices provided by common carriers.

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