CIW Foundations - TERMS
Terms
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- Backbone
- The backbone is the highest level in the computer network hierarchy, to which smaller networks typically connect.
- physical topologies
-
Refers to the way that the various devices are connected to the network.
Star, ring, bus, hybrid networks, and mesh are all examples of physical topologies. - logical topologies
-
A term which refers to a generated signal's actual path over a network.
Refers to the TYPE of signal running through the physical connection. -
network operating system (NOS)
Please also name the four most popular network operating systems. -
A program that allows users and administrators to manage and access resources on a network.
Four most popular: Novell NetWare, MS Windows NT/2000/XP, UNIX, Linux. - UNIX
- AT&T developed the initial version of UNIX in 1969. Used as a NOS for the majority of non-PC networks. UNIX in its many forms is the dominant Internet NOS.
- Linux
- 1991 Linus Torvalds decided to create his own version of UNIX for the PC, built completely within the GNU framework. Used sometimes instead of windows as a DOS, primarily a NOS.
- interoperability
- All four NOS's can communicate across a network with one another (called interoperability).
- Novell NetWare
- The most widely installed family of NOS's. Most recent version is called NetWare 6. NetWare uses standalone servers that provide LAN services (file storage, network printing, directories)
- Microsoft Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP
- 1999- MS intro. WIN 2000. Windows 2000 first Microsoft OS specifically designed to use TCP/IP as it's primary networking protocol, while supp. other network protocols.
-
client/server model
(also called
distributed computing) -
Reduces network congestion by dividing processing tasks between the client and the server.
CLIENT:System or app. that requests info
SERVER: Provides info. or connections to other computers on the network. - Bandwidth
- Refers to the amount of data a connection can carry within a given time.
- two-tier computing
-
One computer is responsible only for formatting the information on screen. The other computer is resp. for both the processing logic and data storage.
EXAMPLE: tradtional client/server relationships. - mesh topology
- Connects devices with multiple paths so that redundancies exist, ensuring that a connection can always be made, even if one is lost.
- ring topology
- Do not have a central connection point. A cable connects one node to another until a "ring" is formed, connecting each computer.
- Hybrid topology
- Larger networks combine elements of bus, star, ring. Hybrids allow the expansion of several existing networks by connecting them within an overall topology.
- Bus topology
- Requires that all computers (nodes) tap into the same cable.
- protocols
- rules that control network communications.
- extranet
- A network that connects enterprise intranets to the global Internet. Provides access to selected external users to expedite the exchange of products, services, and key business information.
- latency
- The delay caused when data is sent between two computers. Each computer wastes time to communicate, when that time could be used for actual computations.
- open source computing
-
The act of providing free source code to the development community-at-large to develop a better product;
EXAMPLES: Apache Web server, Linux, Netscape communicator. - node
- Processing locations on a network such as a printer, computer, or other device.
- server-based network
- A configuration of nodes, some of which are dedicated to providing resources to other hosts on the network.
- enterprise networks
- Networks that connect all nodes in an organization, regardless of geog. location and run the organizations mission-critical applications. Can include elements of P2P and server based.