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CIW Foundations - TERMS

Terms

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Backbone
The backbone is the highest level in the computer network hierarchy, to which smaller networks typically connect.
physical topologies
Refers to the way that the various devices are connected to the network.
Star, ring, bus, hybrid networks, and mesh are all examples of physical topologies.
logical topologies
A term which refers to a generated signal's actual path over a network.
Refers to the TYPE of signal running through the physical connection.
network operating system (NOS)

Please also name the four most popular network operating systems.
A program that allows users and administrators to manage and access resources on a network.
Four most popular: Novell NetWare, MS Windows NT/2000/XP, UNIX, Linux.
UNIX
AT&T developed the initial version of UNIX in 1969. Used as a NOS for the majority of non-PC networks. UNIX in its many forms is the dominant Internet NOS.
Linux
1991 Linus Torvalds decided to create his own version of UNIX for the PC, built completely within the GNU framework. Used sometimes instead of windows as a DOS, primarily a NOS.
interoperability
All four NOS's can communicate across a network with one another (called interoperability).
Novell NetWare
The most widely installed family of NOS's. Most recent version is called NetWare 6. NetWare uses standalone servers that provide LAN services (file storage, network printing, directories)
Microsoft Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP
1999- MS intro. WIN 2000. Windows 2000 first Microsoft OS specifically designed to use TCP/IP as it's primary networking protocol, while supp. other network protocols.
client/server model
(also called
distributed computing)
Reduces network congestion by dividing processing tasks between the client and the server.
CLIENT:System or app. that requests info
SERVER: Provides info. or connections to other computers on the network.
Bandwidth
Refers to the amount of data a connection can carry within a given time.
two-tier computing
One computer is responsible only for formatting the information on screen. The other computer is resp. for both the processing logic and data storage.
EXAMPLE: tradtional client/server relationships.
mesh topology
Connects devices with multiple paths so that redundancies exist, ensuring that a connection can always be made, even if one is lost.
ring topology
Do not have a central connection point. A cable connects one node to another until a "ring" is formed, connecting each computer.
Hybrid topology
Larger networks combine elements of bus, star, ring. Hybrids allow the expansion of several existing networks by connecting them within an overall topology.
Bus topology
Requires that all computers (nodes) tap into the same cable.
protocols
rules that control network communications.
extranet
A network that connects enterprise intranets to the global Internet. Provides access to selected external users to expedite the exchange of products, services, and key business information.
latency
The delay caused when data is sent between two computers. Each computer wastes time to communicate, when that time could be used for actual computations.
open source computing
The act of providing free source code to the development community-at-large to develop a better product;
EXAMPLES: Apache Web server, Linux, Netscape communicator.
node
Processing locations on a network such as a printer, computer, or other device.
server-based network
A configuration of nodes, some of which are dedicated to providing resources to other hosts on the network.
enterprise networks
Networks that connect all nodes in an organization, regardless of geog. location and run the organizations mission-critical applications. Can include elements of P2P and server based.

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