Political Science Chapter 12 Vocab
Terms
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- Pluralism
- the theory that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in the government. The outcome of this competition is compromise and mederation
- Interest group
- a voluntary membership association that pursues a common cause through political participation
- Membership association
- an organized group in which members actually play a substantial role, sitting on committees and engaging in group projects
- Staff organization
- a type of membership group in which a professional staff conducts most of the group's activities
- Collective goods
- benefits, sought by groups, that are broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers
- Free riders
- those who enjoy the benefits of collective goods but did not participate in acquiring them
- Informational benefits
- special newsletters, periodicals, training programs, conferences, and other information provided to members of groups to entice others to join
- Material benefits
- special goods, services, or money provided to members of groups to entice others to join
- Solidary benefits
- selective benefits of group membership that emphasize friendship, networking, and consciousness-raising
- Purposive benefits
- selective benefits of group membership that emphasize the purpose and accomplishments of the group
- New Politics movement
- a political movement that began in the 1960s and 1970s, made up of prefessionals and intellectuals for whom the civil rights and antiwar movements were formative experiences. The New Politics movement strengthened public interest group
- Public interest group
- groups that claim they serve the general good rather than their own particular interest
- Lobbying
- a strategy by which organized interests seek to influence the passage of legislation by ecerting direct pressure on members of the legislature
- Access
- the actual involvement of interest groups in the decision-making process
- Icon triangle
- the stable, cooperative relationship that often develops between a congressional committee, an administrative agency, and one or more supportive interest groups
- Issue network
- a loose network of elected leaders, public officials, activists, and interest groups drawn together by a specific policy issue
- Capture
- an interest's acquisition of substantial influence over the government agency charged with regulating its activities
- Going public
- a strategy that attempts to mobilize the widest and most favorable climate of public opinion
- Institutional advertising
- advertising designed to create a positive image of an organization
- Grassroots mobilization
- campaign in which a group mobilizes its membership to contact government officials in support of the group's position
- Political action committee (PAC)
- a private group that raises and distributes funds for use in election campaigns
- Soft money
- money contributed directly to political parties for voter registration and organization