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Political Science Chapter 12 Vocab

Terms

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Pluralism
the theory that all interests are and should be free to compete for influence in the government. The outcome of this competition is compromise and mederation
Interest group
a voluntary membership association that pursues a common cause through political participation
Membership association
an organized group in which members actually play a substantial role, sitting on committees and engaging in group projects
Staff organization
a type of membership group in which a professional staff conducts most of the group's activities
Collective goods
benefits, sought by groups, that are broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers
Free riders
those who enjoy the benefits of collective goods but did not participate in acquiring them
Informational benefits
special newsletters, periodicals, training programs, conferences, and other information provided to members of groups to entice others to join
Material benefits
special goods, services, or money provided to members of groups to entice others to join
Solidary benefits
selective benefits of group membership that emphasize friendship, networking, and consciousness-raising
Purposive benefits
selective benefits of group membership that emphasize the purpose and accomplishments of the group
New Politics movement
a political movement that began in the 1960s and 1970s, made up of prefessionals and intellectuals for whom the civil rights and antiwar movements were formative experiences. The New Politics movement strengthened public interest group
Public interest group
groups that claim they serve the general good rather than their own particular interest
Lobbying
a strategy by which organized interests seek to influence the passage of legislation by ecerting direct pressure on members of the legislature
Access
the actual involvement of interest groups in the decision-making process
Icon triangle
the stable, cooperative relationship that often develops between a congressional committee, an administrative agency, and one or more supportive interest groups
Issue network
a loose network of elected leaders, public officials, activists, and interest groups drawn together by a specific policy issue
Capture
an interest's acquisition of substantial influence over the government agency charged with regulating its activities
Going public
a strategy that attempts to mobilize the widest and most favorable climate of public opinion
Institutional advertising
advertising designed to create a positive image of an organization
Grassroots mobilization
campaign in which a group mobilizes its membership to contact government officials in support of the group's position
Political action committee (PAC)
a private group that raises and distributes funds for use in election campaigns
Soft money
money contributed directly to political parties for voter registration and organization

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