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edpy442 ch2

Terms

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paraprofessional
aka. generalist human service workers
=some formal training but work in a team
ex. youth counsellors
qualities necessary to become effective counsellor
a. core personality
b. education
c. theory and systems
d. active in counseling-related activities
advocacy thru political process
=influence passage of laws when conditions adversely affect clients or profession of counselling
5 axes of DSM
axis 1- clinical
axis 2- personality
axis 3- general medical
axis 4- enviro. problems
axis 5- global assessment
*scale 1-100: higher # better level of functioning
medical/pathological model
=base treatment plans in accordance with DSM
why would a counsellor need to master codes of DSM
a. universilly used for common diagnosis btwn mental health workers
b. helps to recognize patterns
c. accountability, records
DSM-IV
=400 different categorical classifications of defined disorders
social workers
=masters of social work
+ves DSM
-info related to multicultural issues
-logically organized
-good network of trees
-ves of DSM
-atheoretical
-individual diagnosis
effectiveness of a counsellor
a. personality and background
b. formal education
c. theory and systems of counsellor
d. counsellor as continuing education, supervision and advocacy
why counsellors need continuing education
=new ideas and treatment are evolving
cornerstone of the developmental/wellness approach
=emphasis on prevention and education
dysfunctional motivators for becoming a counsellor
a. emotional distress= unresolved personal trauma
b. vicarious coping= live life thru others
c. loneliness and isolation=
seek friends thru counselling
d. desire for power= fear and need for control
e. need for love= think solve problems thru love
f. vicarious rebellion= unresolved anger and act thru clients
characteristics of effective counsellor
a. stability
b. harmony
c. constancy
d. purposefullness
e. sensitivity
nonprofessional helpers
=no specific education required
ex. untrained volunteers
effective counsellor
a. curiosity
b. listen
c. comfort w/ conversation
d. empathy and understanding
e. emotional insight
f. introspection
g. capacity for self-denial
h. tolerance of intimacy
i. comfort with power
j. ability to laugh
wounded healer
=ability to work from a perspective of resolved emotional experience that has sensitized a person to self and others in a helpful way
3 levels of helping relationships
a. nonprofessional
b. paraprofessional
c. professional
synchronicity
=two simultaneous events that occur coincidentally and result in a meaningful connection
ways to avoid burnout
EXAMPLES:
-associate with healthy others
-stress reduction
-free time
burnout
=state of becoming emotionally or physically drained to the extent one can't perform meaningfully
strategies counselors use to cope with crisis situations
a. objectivity
b. accept and confront
c. assert their own wishes
d. live wellness lifestyle
e. grieving
microskills training
=training in human relations skills common to all theories of helping
how to decide which theory to use
=based on ed. background, philosophy, and needs of client
professional
=educated to provide assistance at a preventative and remedial level
ex. psychologists
psychiatrists
=medical degree, prescribe meds, biopsychological approach
theory
=model that acts as a guide to hypothesize solutions to problems
3 professional specialties
a. psychiatrists
b. psychologists
c. social workers
psychologists
=doctorate in philosophy, education or psychology
advocacy
=promoting an idea or cause thru public relations involving networking and education
system
=unified and organized set of ideas, principles, and behaviors
what happens if a counsellor operates without a theoretical basis?
=operate in trial and error manner and risk of being ineffective and harmful
5 requirements of a good theory
a. clear
b. comprehensive
c. explicit
d. specific to desired outcomes
e. useful to practitioners
theoretical purity
=allegience to and practice of one theory (infancy counselling)
eclectic counseling
=use various theories and techniques to match client's needs
traditional eclectism
=orderly combination of compatible features from diverse sources into a whole
peer supervision
=supervision amoung equals
style-shift counselling
=as needs change, counselors depart from a theory they are using to another approach
syncretism
=sloppy, unsystematic process of putting unrelated clinical concepts together
hierarchy of eclectic practices
1. syncretism
2. traditional
3. theoretical integrationism
4. technical eclecticism
wellness
=the positive nature and health of human beings
reflective team model
=group supervision
technical eclectism
(LAZARUS)
=techniques, not theories, are used to treat clients
supervision
=interactive and evaluative process in which someone with more proficiency oversees one with less knowledge to enhance their professional functioning
solution focused theory
aka. stress inoculation training (SIT)
=an example of a counselling approach based on the wellness model
theoretical integrationism
=counsellors master at least two theories before trying to make any combinations
developmental counseling and therapy (DCT)
=address the sequence and process of development as it occurs in the natural language of the interview
developmental/wellness approach
=based on stages that various personality theorists have outlined that people go through as a normal part of human growth
2 systems of counselling
a. developmental/wellness approach
b. medical/pathological approach

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