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Network+ 2005 Acronyms & Abbreviations (Part II)

Terms

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CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection - method of controlling how network nodes access the communications channel. All Ethernet networks use it. Ethernet NICs listen on the network and wait until they detect that no other nodes are transmitting data before they begin.
PoE
Power over Ethernet - 802.af standard which specifies a method for supplying electrical power over Ethernet connections.
PSE
Power Sourcing Equipment - device that supplies the power, usually this device depends on backup power sources.
PDs
Powered Devices - devices that receive power from the PSE (Power Sourcing Equipment). PoE requires CAT 5 or better copper cable.
HSTR
High-Speed Token Ring
FDDI
Fiber Distributed Data Interface - uses a double ring of multimode or single-mode fiber to transmit data at speeds of 100 Mbps. Links can span distances as large as 62 miles.
ATM
Asynchronous Transfer Mode - an ITU networking standard describing Data Link layer protocols for both network access and signal multiplexing. ATM may run over fiber-optic or CAT 5 or higher UTP or STP. It's typically used on WANs, particularly by large public telecommunication carriers.
QoS
Quality of Service - standard that specifies that data will be delivered within a certain period of time after it's sent.
LANE
LAN Emulation - Encapsulates incoming Ethernet or Token Ring frames, then converts them into ATM cells for transmission over an ATM network.
CSMA/CA
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance - before a station begins to send data, it checks for existing wireless transmissions. If the source node detects no activity on the network, it waits a brief, random amount of time, then sends its data. If activity is detected, it waits a brief period before checking again. The destination node receives the transmission and, after verifiying its accuracy, issues an acknowledgement (ACK) to the source.
RTS/CTS
Request to Send/Clear to Send - protocol that enables a source node to issue an RTS signal to an access point requesting the exclusive opportunity to transmit. All other node's network activity is suspended.
PAN
Personal Area Networks
WPAN
Wireless Personal Area Network
NSP
Network Service Provider - publicly available communications networks, which are owned by local and long-distance telecommunications carriers - WANs typically send data over these networks.
PSTN
Public Switched Telephone Network - Network of typical phone lines and carrier equipment that service most homes. (Also called POTS - Plain Old Telephone Service).
SVC
Switched Virtual Circuit - Connections that are established when parties need to transmit, then terminate after transmission completes.
PVC
Permanent Virtual Circuit - Connections that are established before data needs to be transmitted and maintained after the transmission is complete.
CIR
Committed Information Rate - minimum amount of bandwidth guaranteed by service provider.
ISDN
Integrated Services Digital Network - international standard for transmitting digital data over the PSTN - can simultaneously 2 voice calls and one data connection on a single line. ISDN has 2 types of channels: B and D.
BRI
Basic Rate Interface - ISDN connection that uses 2 B channels and 1 D channel.
Bonding
Combining of B channels on ISDN to achieve and combined throughput of 128 Mbps.
PRI
Primary Rate Interface - uses 23 B channels and 1 64-Kbps D channel - maximum throughput of PRI is 1.544 Mbps.
CSU/DSU
Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit - connection point of T1 line at the customer's site. CSU provides termination for the digital signal and ensures connection integrity through error correction and line monitoring; DSU converts the T-carrier frames into frames the LAN can interpret.
DSL
Digital Subscriber Line - operates over the PSTN; competes directly with ISDN and T1. Spans limited distances without repeaters; supports multiple data and voice channels over a single line.
xDSL
Refers to all varieties of DSL: ADSL (Assymetrical DSL), G.Lite, HDSL (High-Bit Rate DSL), SDSL (Symmetric DSL), VDSL (Very High Bit-Rate DSL), SHDSL (Single-Line High-rate DSL).
DSLAM
DSL Access Multiplexer - aggregates multiple DSL subscriber lines and connects them to a larger carrier or internet backbone.
HFC
Hybrid Fiber-Coax - expensive fiber-optic link that can support high frequencies.
SONET
Synchronous Optical Network - specifies framing and multiplexing techniques at the Physical layer of the OSI. 4 key strengths: integrate many other WAN technologies, fast data transfer rates, simple link additions and removals, high fault tolerance.
SDH
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
OC
Optical Carrier - level that indicates the data rate of a particular SONET ring; internationally recognized; analogous to signal levels of T1s.
WiMAX
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access - 802.16a wireless standard. Operates in frequency ranges between 2 and 11 GHz; throughput up to 70 Mbps and range at 50 km (about 30 miles).
GEO
Geosynchronous Orbit - Satellites that orbit the earth at the same rate as the earth turns - around the equator.
LEO
Low Earth Orbit - Satellites that orbit with an altitude roughly between 700 and 1400 km, close to the earth's poles.
MEO
Medium Earth Orbit - Satellites that orbit the earth between 10,350 and 10,390 km over latitude between the equator and poles.
RAS
Remote Access Service
RRAS
Routing and Remote Access Service - enables Windows Server 2003 computer to accept multiple remote client connections over any type of transmission path. The server acts as a router.
SLIP
Serial Line Internet Protocol - enables a workstation to connect to another computer using a serial connection; doesn't support data encryption; carries only IP packets; no data compressoin or error correction.
PPP
Point-to-Point Protocol - similar to SLIP: enables a workstation to connect to another computer using a serial connection; can carry many different types of Network layer packets; performs error correction and data compression; supports encryption.
PPPoE
Point-to-Point over Ethernet - standard for connecting home computers to an ISP via DSL or broadband cable.
RDP
Remote Desktop Protocol - protocol that enables a remote user to control another computer; application layer of OSI; uses TCP/IP to transmit graphics and text quickly.
VPN
Virtual Private Network - wide area networks defined over public transmission systems. Traffic on a VPN is isolated from traffic on the same public lines.
PPTP
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol - protocol that expands on PPP by encapsulating it so that any type of PPP data can traverse the Internet masked as an IP or IPX transmission. PPTP supports encryption, authentication, and access services provided by Windows Server 2003 RRAS.
L2TP
Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol - encapsulates PPP data in a similar manner to PPTP, but different in that L2TP is a standard accepted by multiple different vendors, so it can connect a VPN that uses a mix of equipment; it can connect 2 routers, a router and a remote access server, or a client and a remote access server.
CIFS
Common Internet File System - used by Windows XP and Windows Server 2003.
SMB
Server Message Block - older client/server protocol used by Windows 98, ME and NT.
AFP
AppleTalk Fileing Protocol or Apple File Protocol
LDAP
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol - used to access information store in a directory; different NOSs can easily share information about their network elements.
OU
Organizational Unit - logically defined receptacles that serve only to assemble similar objects.
UDF
Universal Disk Format - file system used on CD-ROMs and DVDs.
NTFS
New Technology File System
DN
Distinguished Name - long form of the object name that explicitly indicates its location within a tree's containers and domains - includes DC and CN.
DC
Domain Component
CN
Common Name - name of the object.
RDN
Relative Distinguished name - name that uniquely identifies an object within a container.
MSDSS
Microsoft Directory Synchronization Services - software that can sychronize information between an Active Directory database and a Netware eDirectory database.
CSNW
Client Services for Netware - service that in conjunction with NWLink enables the client to log on directly to the Netware Server to access its printers, files and other resources.
BSD
Berkeley Software Distribution
NLM
NetWare Loadable Module - routines that enable the server to run a range of programs and offer a variety of services, such as protocol support and Web publishing.
NSS
The preferred file system in NetWare 6.5 (selected by default).
NDS
NetWare Directory Services - versions of Novell Netware before 6.5 used NDS instead of eDirectory.

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