Notes from Geography chp. in Social Studies
Terms
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- latitude
- a locations position with respect to latitude affects the amount and intensity of sunlight recieved
- Altitude
- the hight the altitutde the colder the temperature. 150m up--- 1 degree C lower
- Distance from the sea
- land cools/heats quicker tahn water so the temp for the land close to the water stayd moderate because water doesn't heart of cool quickly
- Wind direction
- wind picks up the temp of the surface it is traveling over. wid also picks up the moisutre of the surface. warm winds can carry more moisture than colder winds.
- ocean currents
- oceans reviece its temp from it's place of origine. Arctic of Tropics
- Albedo affect
- black absorbs heat while white reflects it.
- Orographic percipitation
- wind blows over the ocean and picks up moisture and the emp of the ocean. it cools as it rises and drops the excess moisture = precipitation.
- wind ward side
- side of the mountain that recieves percipitation
- rain shadow
- side of mountain that doesn't recieve percipitation. The wind is coming down over the mountain and as is decreased in altitude the temperature rises and while picking up a bit of moisture. it becomes a chinkook wind
- chinkook
- warm blast of wind from the rainshadow that can increase temperature greatly of the area
- Convectional Precipitation
- warm are rises - carries more moisture than cold air - warm air cools and forms clouds and percipitation falls
- Frontal precipitation
- cold air mass pushes warm air mass (sandwich). warm air mass is forced up and forms clouds while it is cooled. and then percipitation falls
- tow types of geography
- cultural and phsyical
- cultural geography
- human made - human activities, the way we use spage, do things, buildings, human movement patters, transportation, interactions, amongst people or to environment
- physical geography
- nature - land forms, climate, soils, vegetation, wildlife
- continental climate
- low precipitation. high temperature range. extreme hots and colds
- maritime climate
- high precipitation, mild temperatures.
- Climographs
- show average - temperature, and precipitation
- plate tectonics
- the movement of plates along the earth's surface due to the flow of the magma. the magma moves them along.
- plate tectonics and earthquakes
- the plates coliding. on goes over the other and as pressure builds one of the plates slip resulting in an earthquake
- fault
- the contact poing of two plates
- three types of plate movement
- compressional, extensional, transform
- compressional
- two plates compressing against each other
- extensional
- two plates moving away from each other. magma pushed up through the fault. the magma cools into rock. new rock must clear way fro room by pushing away old material.
- transform
- two plates up against each other moving away in opposite directions. ex. sand andreas
- liquefaction
- when an earthquake mized the water from the water table with the soil to make mud. housed sink during earthquakes and then after the earthquake the water starts to settle back down and the house or object become stuck
- magnitude and intensity
- magnitude measured the spot where the earthquake occured and how powerful it was when it started. intensity measures what is felt away from the spot of the earthquake.
- ecosystems
- inter-related (plants and animals) ex. watershed... connected network - goat eats grass, grass needs rain
- biomes
- a large ecosystem
- 4 elements to a biome
- climate, soil, wildlife, and vegetation
- 5 regions in western canada
- Boreal Forest, Parklands, Prairies, Interior Mountain Regions, Coastal Forest
- Boreal Forest
- Very cold winter temp. Unpredictable precipitation. Podzol soil type - acidic because of pine needles. non-fertile; not a lot of decomposing plants. Coniferous trees (needls), Spruce fir pine. moss. Evergreen trees
- Parklands
- Mild weather. Sufficient precipitation. Grass over years produces humus - decayed vegetation and carcassas - rich black soil. good for wheat because of soil and percipitation. Long grass, some trees (willows, aspen, and some pine)
- Prairies
- Very dry, Driest place is known as the Palliste Triangle. to dry to support trees. North west - moist enough for agriculture but not trees. Brown in color with high mineral content. Because of humus color varies from light to dark brown. Dark brown soil is chernozem soil - ideal for growing wheat and other grain products. Grass weeds, grain, wheat
- Interior Mountain Regions
- warm prairies, cool tundra. Prairie soils, grass lands. Tundra soils - meadows. Soils of coniferous regions are found on the moutains. Land froms of mountains, plateaus, meadows. Highly varied vegetation - pine forests, sub-alpine forests, high meadows - areas of tundra that resemble vegetation found in the arctic, dwarf shrubs, lichens, and grasses
- Coastal Forest
- mild temperature and abundant precipitation. podzol soil. acidic due to leaching of surface layers and tree needles, non-fertile, contains small amounts of humus. Douglas Fir, red cedars, hemlock, moss, and nurse trees
- places have a location
- absolute location - longtitude, latitude,. Relative location - relation to other places
- places have physical and cultural characteristics
- humans affect areas and
- places change
- physical and or cultural landscape
- places interact
- tarnsporation - movement, communication
- igneous rock
- magma rock
- sedimentary
- layers of rock. eroded matter. compressed with heat and presure
- metamorhpic rock
- rock that is formed from heat and pressure
- western mountain
- all the western mountain
- coastal mountain
- the coastal mountains are one section. biome - coastal forest. alot of rain
- Sunlight affects the world in two way
- intensity and amount
- intensity - amount of atmosphere the sunlight must go through t o reach the location
- amount - amout of lights hours you get in a day