MVHS APBiology Ch. 31 Vocabulary
Terms
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- a mode of nutrition in which small organic molecules are absorbed from a surrounding medium
- absorption
- hydrolytic enzymes secreted by fungi that decompose complex molecules
- exoenzymes
- tiny filaments that make up the body of most fungi
- hyphae
- the network of interwoven hyphae that form the "feeding" fungus
- mycelium
- cross-walls in a fungus
- septa
- a strong, flexible, N-containing polysaccharide that is found in the cell walls of fungi
- chitin
- fungi that consist of a continuous cytoplasmic mass with hundreds or thousands of nuclei
- coenocytic
- hyphae of parasitic fungi that are modified for penetrating host tissue
- haustoria
- a term for mycelia that are formed from the fusion of two hyphae that are genetically different
- heterokaryon
- the fusion of 2 parent fungi's cytoplasms
- plasmogamy
- the fusion of haploid nuclei contributed by 2 parent fungi
- karyogamy
- a mycelium that contains 2 haploid nuclei that are not fused, one from each parent
- dikaryotic
- phylum of fungi that are mainly aquatic and have flagellated cells
- Chytridiomycota (Chytrids)
- phylum of fungi that are mostly terrestrial, form mycorrhizae, and include black bread mold and dung fungus
- Zygomycota (zygote fungi)
- a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and the roots of plants
- mycorrhizae
- a resistant structure in which karyogamy and then meiosis occur
- zygosporangium
- phylum of fungi that includes marine, freshwater, and terrestrial species; they produce sexual spores in saclike asci
- Ascomycota (sac fungi)
- saclike structure that contains spores
- asci
- macroscopic fruiting bodies of sac fungi
- ascocarps
- the naked spores of sac fungi
- conidia
- phylum of fungi that have long-lived dikaryotic mycelia; includes mushrooms, shelf fungi and puffballs
- Basidiomycota (club fungi)
- a transient diploid stage in the life cycle of club fungi
- basidium
- elaborate fruiting bodies containing many basidia
- basidiocarp
- a rapidly growing, asexually reproducing fungus that grow as saprobes or parasites
- mold
- molds that cannot be classified as zygomycota, ascomycota or basidiomycota because they have no sexual stages
- imperfect fungi
- unicellular fungi that inhabit liquid or moist habitats
- yeasts
- a symbiotic association of many algae held in a mesh of fungal hyphae
- lichen
- small clusters of hyphae with embedded algae; function as symbiotic units even during asexual reproduction
- soredia
- the general term for a fungal infection
- mycosis
- most parasitic fungi attack these organisms
- plants