Psych 353 Exam

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Child of ___ pregnancy (number) is most likely to be accepted?: First
Acceptance goes up as gap between child _____.: Increases
Parents are more likely to have children if they have _____ (gender): Girls
What are two reasons to choose male children?: Idea that carry on name, please husband, companion to husband, one child policy
What should be looked at for preconception planning?: Assess STD, prepare limit alcohol, nicotine; begin supplements
Describe transition of childbirth from 1800's: Family centered event to hospital
What are some concerns about childbirth process in the 50's?: Strong drugs, morality
What did Lamaze and Dick-Read lead?: Natural childbirth movement, women shouldn't feel fear, natural, relaxation techniques, courses
What can potentially lead to lower labor?: Partner present
What are three current trends in hospital?: Length of stay decrease, increase number of homelike accomodation, primary and secondary intervention work shop
What is the trend in c-section?: Increased from 1/5 to 1/4, inconclusive
What is the outcome of Zeannah's study?: Mother predict activity, rhythmicity, and adaptability while father predicted activity, rhythmicity, and adaptability. They did not predict similarly.
What is Couvade syndrom: Experience of all symptoms of pregnancy at 3rd month and then at birth.
What is Weaver and Cranley's study and what is the result?: If marital relationship's strenghth matter to men's atatchment to fetus (yes) and if marital strength relates to symptoms (couvade) (not supported)
What is Isabell and Belsky's study and what is the result?: They examined mother-infant security. Insecure infant-mother relationship was greater in those mom's declining marital relationship.
What's special about Dutch women: They don't feel pain during pregnancy, they anticipate less drugs
What's Klause and Kennel's study? Describe sensitive period and the result of his study.: They studied infants in ICU. Greater expectance of physical abuse and failure to thrive. Sensitive period is when the parents first come in contact. Result shows that parents who are in closer contact in the beginning used fewer imperatives and showed soothing eye contact.
When do most parents feel love for their baby? MCFARLANE RESEARCH: During pregnancy
What are some explanations of Klaus and Kennel's experiment?: 1. quiet alert state 2. response to touch 3. consistent pattern fo contact 4. eye cotnact simulataneous
What can improve breast feeding success?: Rooming with child
What's Brazelton's study?: Turning to mother's voice lead to more appropriate interaction at 304 months
What's Segal's study?: Factors such as mother's economic status, race, nursing, education, number of previous children, and maternal age effect relationship wtih baby.
What reduces abandonment?: Rooming in and early contact
How much percentage in the US is father expected to be present?: >80%
What is likely to happen if father is in contact with baby within first few hours?: Increased caretaking in first 3 months
Who is significant critique of Klaus and Kennel's work?: Michael Lamb
What is preterm limit?: Weight less than 5lb8oz or less than 37 weeks gestation.
When did father's role in parenting begin to change?: 60's, new view
Does father have a role in socialization?: Yes, engrossment (occupy exclusively, absorb)
Direct interaction of working mother seems _____? Presence include _____.: Less, parallel activities
Does amount of time matter to influence that much?: Not really, mean dad who is always away?
What is the trend in father contact?: Much increase by 50% since 70's.
What does Michael Lamb say about automatic responses between men and women about a crying baby?: Same
What does Parke and Sawin say?: Mother and father pick up babies differently.
What does Biller and Meredith say?: Mothers use toy mediate play learning and men engage in more physical rough play.
What happens to mother when father is around?: Smile more and explore baby more.
What is Paderson and Robson's reunion behavior study?: Most infants attach to both parents by 8 months.
Which parent does child prefer 1. under stress 2. no stress 3. hungry at 1 year old: 1. organize around who is present 2. none 3. mom
Who do children more likely to seek information from?: Mother
Who is father's effect on boys and on girls in intellectual development: Instrumental (encourage reading, take more trips..etc.); for daughter they have more cognitive help
What is father's influence in terms of social competance 1. boys 2. girls: 1. self confidence 2. male-female relationpship
What does Maccobby and Jacklin asy?: Mens language/handling change from infant to children
What does Weinraub and Frankel say?: Men more likely tou touch and vocalize with infant sons.
What is the most powerful predictor of adulthood altruism: How much time father spends with the child.
What is Pruett study on fathers raising child?: Child raised primarily by father is more interested in external stimulation and problem solving.
Why are there less babies to adopt?: 1. more mom keeps them 2. society doesnt think an adopted son is all that bad anymore 3. contraception 4. both men and women want to keep baby
What's mutual consent register?: Since laws say that info is confidential. This gives mutual consent to be cotnacted later.
What are 3 different types of adoption option?: open, semi-open, confidential
Risk and benefits of open adoption for birth parents?: benefit: no longer suspecting everyone, participate in care with adoptive parent, increase control over decision; risk: jealousy, letting go, concerned if child is dissaponited
Risk and benefits of adoption for adoptive parents?: risk: feeling of coersion, meeting needs, envy of fertility, increase concern about birth parents, anxiety of interferance. BENEFITS: increased sense of integrity, sense of genetic inheritance, positive image of birth parents as someone who is concerned, loving relinquishment
What are Rosenberg's 6 phases of adopted child?: 1. conception 2. post-partum 3. infancy 4. preschool years 5. school years 6. puberty and adolescence
What percent of moms are in work force (preschool age)?: 60%
Gallup poll finds most Americans think childcare is best at ____: your own home
___% toddlers think home is best, ( ) prefer child center: 50, 1/3
Most working moms put their kid with _____. Chira found a problem with ____.: Relatives. Inconsistent quality of parenting, bad for child development and attachment.
How much of moms who pay for day care change arrangement each year.: 50%
What are 4 quailties of day care?: 1. modest group size 2. low child/staff ratio 3. well trained staff 4. caregivers who are responsive and stimulating
What is Belsky's study and what is the outcome?: he studied moms who work and effects on children. He found out that most moms put their kid outside of home than inside. Also, fulltime showed insecure attachment, then high part time, then mother, then low (3 groups, secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-resistant)
____ (gender) child whose mothers who are full time increase attachment to fathers. _____ child whose mother care all the time is more likely to be insecure in father attachment.: boy, girl
Insecure infants lead to mothers thinking...: 1. less of marriage 2. difficult baby
Most studies ____ indicate intellectual different in developmenat after sending to day care.: do not, however early intervention program is said to work
What is the social impact by sending kid to day care?: 1. mor eaggressive 2. more sociable, compliance
What is the impact on mother attachment by sending child to day care?: Doesn't matter much
What is the strongest predictor of how well child will behave?: Maternal sensitivity
Who is McCartney and what did he say about day care: Praises it and researched to show it improves quality.
What are two variables of behavior of children in daycare?: 1. daycare quality, 2. maternal sensitivity
What did Kibbutz say about day care?: 1. quality of environment (educational/physical)
2. group size
3. increased caregiver commitment
lead to good child day care
What are some longer effects of Kibbutzsim's ideal day are center?: emotionally healthy, lower problems in future, secure attachment, intimacy concern (communal sleeping arranngements)
What are effects of secure attachment in child?: long-term achivement and emphathy
What is the best predictor of a child's later socio-emotional development: Attachment, secure extended-network relationships
How do grandparents feel about caring for children?: Stressful but rewarding
What did Radin and Oyserman and Benn conclude about grandfather involvement?: Grandfather are likely to comply if they are more nurturing. More grandfather involvement means less negative affect, mor enurturant, highest score in mental development, more participation, lower fear,anger, and stress
What was Flaherty's study?: 7 primary functions of black granny
What are 7 primary functions of black grandmother: -managing, cartaking, coaching, assessing, nurturing, assigning, and patrolling
What are the incarceration impact on placement of children?: most remain with non-incarcerated parent, 1/2 of child with incarcerated moms go to grandparents
Separation from sibling of incarcerated parent is mor elikely when ___ is incarcerated: mothers
what are some impacts of inconceration on children?: separation from caregiver, confusion, loss of school, pear, decreased autonomy, increase risk for acting out. increased sadness..etc. increase role of grandparents to take care
What are some burdens for grandparents when incarcerated?: 1. financial burden 2. caregiver changes 3. disrupts expectation for this phase of life 4. health issues 5. traumatized child bring issue to deal with 6. need security, stability and nurturance
What are some characteristics of first born: less socially inept, more achievement oriented, greater need for adult approval
What did Bank and Kahn say about the sibling bond and sibling access?: low access (separated for mor ethan 8 years), dont share time, space; high access (same age, same school..etc.)
what are some variables impacting quality of sibling relationship: 1. family size 2. lifespan 3. geographic mobility 4. divorce/remarriage 5. parents ability to foster good sbi relationshiop
What are some roels of siblings as identification?: loyalty, parent replacement, model, emulation of success
What are some traits of sibilng de-identification?: 1. wanting to be different (separate role or aspect of identity) 2. parent identification different 3. twinning, parents treating them as a fused relationship
what are some functions of sib relationship: 1. sacrificial 2. caregiver 3. mutual support 4. protective force 5. shared oberver 6. socializing agent (modelling) 7. safe aggression
what are some roles of pets in children's life?: sensorimotor and noverbal learning, sensitivity to another living thing, promote nuturance and competence, encourage responsibility (lead to self concept and self reliance), learn life/death, improve mental health, therapeutic (calm)
how does children change in its itneraction with pet from 2 to 6?: 2-3 poking hitting
3-4 petting
5-6 sophisticated hugging, massage
do pets help with verbal learning?: yes
explain peer reciprocity: reinforce those who reinforce us
children tend to rate people who are attractive and unattractive as...?: good looking as independent, friendly, sharing, ugly as aggressive, antisocial
what do younger peers play role as: opportunity for caretaking, opoprtunity for those less social
when does racial awareness appear?: age 3
when do people start playign with same sex: pre-school
sociometry: study on child preference (people preference)
what are 5 categories of childhood in peer interaction?: 1. popular, accepted, rejected, controvertial, neglected
popluar children have ____ level of aggression: low
what are 2 categories of rejected children?: 1. rejected-aggressive 2. rejected-withdrawn
what are some traits of rejected-aggressive: (overreacting, blaming others, dominate interaction)
what are some traits of socially withdrawn: passive, lonerw
what are traits of neglected children?: less likely to make impact, good kids, compliant, adult oriented/achievement motivated, INDEPENDENT
which type of hchild rate themselves overly high?: aggresive-rejected
which type of chidl rate themselves low?: shy
what are some variables that predict acceptance of child?: parenting style (authoratative -liked and authoratarian -disliked)
american kids that are slow-to-warm tend to be: neglected
asian who are slow-to-warm tend to be: popular

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