ManBearPigStrikesAgain!
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- Theoretical ideas about how semantic memory is organized (behavioral and brain-based)
- Semantic retrieval leads to episodic encoding Aquiring new Semantic memories-Hippocampus L PFC-words, R PFC-nonverbal (faces), R frontal for episodic retrieval Semantic network weights familiarity/typicality effects Categories defined by experience/context Sem Priming-Spreading activation; probes w/ related primes have faster RT L Lat Temp Lobe-sem word processing Whorfian hypo/Lang affects experience frontal hippo-features posterior Hippo-functions
- Factors that influence the success of transfer of learning for new concepts
- establish consistant structure and then proceed to elaborative processing
- Nitsch study on diff methods of learning: speed and generalization
- experience/context nitsch and est structure and subsequent elab. processing (concreteness fading)
- Scripts and Schemas- usefulness and potential pitfalls
- Pros- Imply lots of knowledge with little given info organization/categories help us to remember more info/ helps to connect info expectations & exceptions to expectations lead to distinctive epi mem understanding language visual perception in scenes (picking stuff out) Cons-consistancy bias, cultural bias -can add info that's not there -
- Disorders concerning Semantic mem...
- Semantic Dementia->probs w/ connecting meanings of terms Temporo-frontal patients-> sequencing errors in ordering scripts
- Problems of Schema Theories
- don't have a schema for all info can add extra info that is part of script
- Ebbinghaus vs Bartlett
- E-rote learning is best for info with no structural framework B- Effort in comprehending meaning leads to connection to wider organization.
- Good and Bad effects of organization/schemas
- good-helps us to remember more info; helps connect info in sem. network cons- long time, potential errors w/ putting too much info together
- characteristics of skilled memory
- mneumonics->method o loci and speeches imagery->new vocab helps ground knowledge distinctively
- imagery and mneumonics- why might they be helpful
- 1)encode using a preexisting framework 2)retrieval based on meaningful cues 3)make you/get better with practice
- Type 1 vs type 2 processing
- 1-maintain in attn 2-incidental & intentional learning
- Multi-store models... case for, Craik and Lockhart's case against: capacity, codes, forgetting, and serial pos curve
- Case for- Broadbent's dichotic listening studies, attn moves info from sensory stores to STS Codes->failure to reach LTM b/c of matl (digits hard to relate to), time available to process info, ST matl usually not elaborated Cap-inconsistant 2-20 items, therefore perhaps processing limits memory, Forgetting->Familiarity, relation to prev knowledge, meaningfulness of cues, ser pos curve- primacy effect due to full attn/processing given, middle terms forgotten due to divided attn and limited processing, recency b/c we're lazy! (neg recency effect)
- Probs for LOP and alts
- Consolidation TAP what is deep?
- alcohol and consolidation idea
- experiment with remembering 2 sets of stories, drinking in between, alcohol inhibited interference of 2nd set of stories
- context, mood, state effects
- mood dep (match enco/retr), congruence (memories recalled agree with mood) effects context-agreement w. retr/enco state effects-high/drunk affects RECALL
- Generate-Recognize model and probs
- probs->encoding specificity, experience (perceived/attended to) affects how things are encoded.
- TOT, why they occur
- difference between accessability (can retrieve from mem) and availability (in mem, but may not be able to retrie!)
- familiarity and recollection
- rhinal cortex=familiar post hippo=recollection inclusion vs exclusion
- implicit and explicit differences (5)
- modality diff (aff impl more), Retention interval (> impl)interference(greater for expl) , LOP (priming unaff by elab.), Stat Ind (no corr bet impl and expl tasks) above can be explained by TAP and encoding specificity.
- Priming and the brain-what determines which regions change?
- If primed, less activation necessary. for object-Lat Vis cortex for meaning processing-dorsal prefrontal (all for novel vs. primed stims)
- DPC vs VPC
- DPC-low conf recog, top-down proc, make decisions VPC- Bottom-up, integrate info, high conf