MAS 112 Ch1-3 Test
Terms
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- B LYMPHOCYTES
- lymphocytes that produce antibodies in cell-mediated immunity.
- SUPPURATIVE
- a type of inflammation associated w/ pus formation
- KELOID
- the healing that occurs after surgery or a severe burn, consisting of a hard, raised scar.
- sequala
- The aftermath of a particular disease
- IMMUNITY
- is the ability of the body to defend itself against infectious agents, foreign cells, and even abnormal body cells, such as cancer cells.
- HORIZONTAL TRANSMISSION
- the route by w/c an infectious diseas is transmitted directly from an infected human to a susceptible human
- ANTIBIOTIC
- drugs used to treat bacterial infections
- ENDOTOXIN
- a potent toxin from certain bacteria that causes life-threatening shock.
- PYOGENIC
- bacteria that cause pus formation
- ENDEMIC
- describes a disease in w/c endometrial tissue from the uterus becomes embedded elsewhere
- OUTBREAK
- the sudden occurrence of a disease, in unexpected numbers in a limited area, w/c then subsides
- NOTIFIABLE DISEASES
- diseases under surveillance that must be reported by physicians to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- BRADYKININ
- substance released by damaged tissue that promotes inflammation
- ANTIBODIES
- protein secreted by plasma cells that aid in defense against infectious agents.
- BASOPHILS
- a type of WBC that promotes inflammation and participates in allergic responses.
- MAST CELLS
- cells found in connective tissue; they contain heparin, serotonin, bradykinin, and histamine
- DISINFECTION
- reduing the risk of infection or contamination
- PANDEMIC
- describes an epidemic that has spread to include several large areas worldwide
- terminal
- A disease that will end in death
- FLAGELLA
- whip-like cell appendages used for locomotion
- SPIRILLA
- spiral-shaped bacterial cells.
- complication
- A disease or state that occurs in a person already suffering from a disease
- SEROTONIN
- one of many neurotransmitters involved in regulating mood, emotions, and behavior
- FLATWORMS
- a wormlike animal that has a flattened body
- MONOCYTES
- a type of WBC that aids in clearing pus.
- HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)
- the causative agent of AIDS; a retrovirus--that is, it carries its genetic information as RNA rather than DNA
- INTERFERON
- a group of substances that stimulates the immune system.
- MYCOSES
- infectious diseases caused by fungi
- acute
- A disease that has a sudden onset and a short duration.
- CYTOTOXIC T CELLS
- T cells, often called killer cells because of their capability to kill invading organisms.
- CILIA
- the hairlike projections found in the mucous membrane that lines the respiratory tract
- SPIROCHETES
- corkscrew-shaped bacterial cells.
- FIBROBLASTS
- connective tissue cells that produce fibers to ain in healing damaged tissue.
- homeostasis
- A constant state of equilibrium within the body
- physiology
- The study of the normal function of the body
- ENDOSPORES
- structures produced by bacteria and formed to cope with harsh environmental conditions
- INFECTIOUS DISEASE
- diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms
- NUCLEIC ACID ANALOGUES
- anti-viral medications
- POLYMORPHS
- WBCs specialized to figtht against invading agents or injury.
- ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
- resistance arising when bacteria adapt to antibiotics and the adaptation becomes common in the bacterial population, rendering the antibiotics ineffective
- FLAGELLATES
- a type of protozoa that moves using whiplike appendages called flagella
- EPIDEMIC
- the occurrence of a disease in unusually large numbers over a specific area
- Rh FACTOR
- antigen on erythrocyte, used for blood typing
- CHEMOTAXIS
- the attraction of WBCs to the site of inflammation
- TOXOID
- a chemically altered toxin that stimulates an immune response.
- exacerbation
- When signs and symptoms of a chronic disease recur in all their severity
- LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
- an important part of the body's immunity, it consists of modes, organs, and a complex network of thin-walled capillaries carrying lymph fluid to help to maintain the internal fluid environment of the body.
- VIBRIOS
- comma-shaped bacterial cells.
- QUARANTINE
- the separation of persons who may or may not be infected from healthy people until period of infectious risk is passed
- EPINEPHRINE
- the hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla in emergency situations or during periods of high stress; also used as a drug to dilate bronchioles in some asthma attacks.
- ACTIVE IMMUNITY
- a type of artificial immunity; the person is given a vaccine or toxoid as the antigen, and he or she forms antibodies to counteract it.
- PLASMA CELLS
- cells that develop from B cells and produce antibodies.
- PASSIVE IMMUNITY
- doses of preformed antibodies from immune serum of an animal, usually a horse. This type of immunity is short-lived but acts immediately
- ALLERGY
- abnormal immunologic response to allergens such as pollen, dust, dog hair, and certain foods.
- ROUNDWORMS
- a wormlike animal that is relatively round in cross-section
- LEUKOCYTOSIS
- the excessive production or white cells
- relapse
- When a disease returns weeks or months after its apparent cessation
- MEMORY CELLS
- B lymphocytes that do not become plasma cells but remain dormant until reactivated by the same antigen.
- ANTIGEN
- a substance, usually foreign to the body w/c triggers the immune response
- HYPERSENSITIVITY
- an abnormal immune response and sensitivity to allergens such as pollens, dust, dog hair and certain foods.
- SCLERODERMA
- a chronic, progressive autoimmune disorder of the skin
- HISTAMINE
- a substance that causes the capillary walls to become more permeable
- HYPEREMIA
- increased bloodflow to an injured area, causing heat and redness associated w/ inflammation
- symptoms
- Subjective indications of disease reported by the patient.- pain, dizziness,itching
- NONCOMMUNICABLE
- infectious diseases that are not transmitted directly by humans.
- NEUTROPHILS
- WBCs that fight against invading agents or injury.
- RESERVOIRS
- the sources of a pathogen and a potential source of disease
- idiopathic
- A term to describe a disease for which the cause is not known.
- prognosis
- The predicted course or outcome of the disease
- signs
- Objective evidence of disease observed on physical exams- abnormal pulse,fever,sweatingor pallor
- syndrome
- A certain sets of signs and symptoms that occur concurrently in some diseases
- BACILLI
- rod-shaped bacterial cells.
- STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
- precautions such as gloves required of medical personnel when handling patiens or bodily fluids
- INCIDENCE
- the number of new cases of a disease in a population
- disease
- A state of functional disequilibrium that may be resloved by recovery or death.
- PREVALENCE
- the number of existing cases of a disease
- T LYMPHOCYTES
- provide cell-mediated immunity and are processed by the thymus gland.
- INFESTATIONS
- infections involving wormlike animals called helminths.
- ACTIVATED LYMPHOCYTES
- WBCs that have been stimulated by antigens that include B and T cells.
- PSEUDOPODIA
- cell membrane extensions used for locomotion of phagocytosi
- remission
- A period of time when signs and symptoms of a chronic disease subside
- CAPSID
- protein coat of viruses
- CORTISOL
- the principle hormone in the group of steroid hormones, also known as hydrocortisone; stress increases production of cortisol.
- VECTORS
- animals that transmit pathogenic microorganisms to humans
- CILIATES
- a type of protozoa that moves using hairlike cilia
- HEPARIN
- an anticoagulant
- AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
- failure of immune tolerance; activated T cells and antibodies attack the body's own tissue.
- LATENT INFECTION
- a condition caused when viruses insert themselves in cells and do not reproduce.
- LYSE
- the infecting of cells by viruses
- SPECIFIC DEFENSE
- defenses that are effective against particular identified foreign agents.
- VERTICAL TRANSMISSION
- the route by w/c an infectious disease is transmitted from one generation to the next
- INFLAMMATORY EXUDATE
- fluid composed of plasma and white cells that escape from capillaries
- HUMORAL IMMUNITY
- protection from infection provided by antibodies
- LEUKOCYTES
- white blood cells; WBCs
- SUPPRESSOR T CELLS
- the type of T cell that controls the immune response
- GRAM STAIN
- the staining technique that permits the identification of bacteria
- CONTAGIOUS/COMMUNICABLE
- an infectious disease transmitted from human to human
- mortality
- The mesure of the number of deaths attributed to a disease in a given population in a given period of time.
- CELL WALLS
- a rigid layer of organic material surrounding delicate cell membranes of bacteria
- PATHOGENS
- microorganisms that cause disease
- ISOLATION
- keeping an infected person in the hospital or staying at home in bed when suffering form a disease as a way of controlling the transmission of infectious diseases
- NONSPECIFIC DEFENSE
- defenses that are effective against any foreign agent that enters the body.
- DISCOID
- the mild form of lupus erythematosus in w/c red, raised, itchy lesions develop
- COCCI
- Spherical, round bacterial cells.
- FIBRIN
- a plasma protein essential for blood-clotting
- morbidity
- The measure of the disability and extent of illiness caused by a disease.
- ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK
- a severe inflammation brought on by a severe antigen-antibody reaction such as occurs in an incompatible blood tranfusion.
- MYCELIA
- filaments in fungi specialized for absorption of nutrients.
- CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME
- a disease that produces flulike symptoms, including severe and persistant fatique, muscle and joint pain, and fever.
- HELPER T CELLS
- T cells that help the immune system by increasing the activity of killer cells and stimulating the suppressor T cells
- CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY
- protection from infection provided by T cells
- diagnosis
- The determination of the nature of the disease based on many factors like signs,symptoms and lab results
- pathogenesis
- The source or cause of the disease together with its development
- anatomy
- The study of the normal structure of the body
- ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)
- the deadly disease caused by HIV that destroys an individual's immune system, making the victim remarkably susceptible to infection
- ADHESIONS
- connective tissue fibers that anchor adjacent structures together; a kinking of the intestines
- SPORES
- microscopic fungal reproductive structures that can induce allergies
- AUTOANTIBODIES
- antibodies produced against self antigens
- chronic
- A disease that may be insidiuous and is long lived
- SPOROZOANS
- a form of protozoa; a single-celled, not mobile, eukaryotic microorganism
- AMOEBOIDS
- a type of protozoa that moves with pseudopodia
- VACCINE
- a low dose of dead or deactivated bacteria or virus that stimulates an immune response.
- pathology
- The study of disease
- SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE)
- an autoimmune disease that not only affects the skin but also causes the deterioration of collagenous connective tissue.
- etiology
- The cause of a disease
- BINARY FISSION
- process in w/c bacteria reproduce by splitting in half
- lesion
- An abnormal change in structure of an organ or part due to injury or disease
- IMMUNOGLOBULIN (Ig)
- antibodies