Health Psychology1
Terms
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- Types of Neurons
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Sensory: Carry information coming from the environment.
Motor: Transmit instructions to the muscles and glands of the body.
Interneurons: Transmit signals from one neuron to another. - Basic Anatomy of a Neuron
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Axon: Conducts its signal/ its neural impulse.
Dendrite: receive stimulation from other cells
Cell Body: contains the nucleus and metabolic mechanism of the cell. -
Synapse
Neurotransmitter -
Synapse: the junction between the axon and adjoining dendrite.
Neurotransmitter: chemical messengers crossing the synaptic cleft and binding to receptor sites on the receiving neuron’s dendrite; unlock channels for charged atoms to flow into neuron alerting its readiness to generate a neural impulse. - Somatic vs. Autosomatic
- Somatic vs. Autonomic Nervous System: Voluntary; nerves that carry messages from the eyes, ears, and other sense organs to the CNS to muscles and glands / nerves that link the CNS with the heart, intestines, and other internal organs.
- Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic Nervous System:
- Consists of groupings of neuron cell bodies/ganglia along spinal cord connecting to internal organs; fight or flight; not closely linked ganglia and act independently; opposite effects.
- Brain stem
- oldest and most central region (medulla, pons, reticular formation)
- Medulla
- brainstem region controlling heartbeat and breathing.
- Reticular formation
- network of neurons from brainstem involved in alertness and arousal.
- Thalamus
- brain’s sensory switchboard; located on top of brainstem routing messages to the cerebral cortex.
- Cerebellum
- located at the rear; coordinates voluntary movement and balance.
- Amygdala
- two clusters of neurons in the limbic system that are linked to emotion esp. aggression.
- Hypothalamus
- controls pit. Func. Secretes CRH to ant. Pit. To secrete ACTH to cause adrenal cortex to release cortisol into bloodstream.
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Parietal Lobe
Sensory Cortex -
Center of the cortex receiving visual info from skin and body.
Sensory Cortex: On the edge of the frontal lobe in parietal; processes sensations. -
Temporal Lobe
Frontal Lobe -
1) Auditory info from ear projects here.
2) Behind forehead involved in reasoning, planning and controlling body movement. - Motor Cortex
- Back of frontal lobes in front of sensory cortex; vol. movements.
- Pituitary
- master; controlled by hypothal; rel. hormones to act on other glands.
- Adrenal Glands
- above kidneys; secrete epine, norep, cortisol, arousal hormones
- Thyroid
- produces hormone thyroxine to help regulate growth and metabolism.
- Pancreas
- produces glucagons and insulin acting in opposition to reg.the level of sugar glucose in the blood; glucagons raises concentration
- Veins
- Return blood from capillaries to heart.
- Antigen
- Foreign substance stim. an immune response.
- Lymph
- colorless fluid formed by water, proteins, microbes, and other foreign substances drained from between cells.
- Lymphocytes
- white blood cells circulated by lymph; produced in bone marrow; search body for antigens. Expand during an immune resp – swelling.
- Lymph Nodes
- contain filters that capture infectious substances and debris; as lymph passes through the lymphocytes destroy foreign particles
- Thymus
- secretes thymosin for controlling maturation and devel. of lymphocytes.
- Phagocytes
- large scavenger cells searching for antigens in blood and tissues; digest antigens.
- Macrophages
- phagocytes at site of infection an lymph nodes, spleen, and lungs; hunt antigens and wornout cells.
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Histamine
Natural Killer Cells -
1) increases blood flow to wound.
2) Nk; smaller lymphocytes patrolling for Diseasesd cells gone awry; secrete interferon. - B-Cells
- lymphocyte; attack foreign substances by globulins to suppress toxic effects)
- Natural Killer Cells
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1) increases blood flow to wound.
2) Nk; smaller lymphocytes patrolling for Diseasesd cells gone awry; secrete interferon.