Health(2)-Nervous System
Terms
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- cerebral cortex
- thought, voluntary movement, language, reasoning, perception
- cerebellum
- movement, balance, posture
- brain stem
- breathing, heart rate, blood pressure
- hypothalamus
- body temp, emotions, hunger, thirts, circadiam rythms
- thalamus
- sensory processing, movement
- midbrain
- vision, audition,eye movement, body movement
- 4 lobes of brain
-
frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital - frontal lobe
- reasoning, planning, part of speech/movement, emotions, problems solving
- parietal lobe
- perception of stimuli related to touch, pressure, temp, pain
- temporal lobe
- perception and recognition of auditory stimuli and memory
- occipital lobe
- aspects of vision
- functions of left side of brain
- language, math, logic
- functions of right side of brain
- spatial abilities, face recognition, visual imagery, music
- 7 things that can break down blood brain barrier
-
hypertension (high BP)
development - not fully formed
hyperosmolity - hight conc. of substance in blood
microwaves
radiation
infection
trauma, inflamation, pressure - which part of the brain has been found to grow neurons?
- the hippocampus
- what are primary afferent axons?
- nerve fibers connected to different receptors in skin, muscles, and internal organs. info about pain and touch are transmited
- how are primary afferent axons divided into groups?
- by size
- which primary neuron travels fastest? the slowest? why
-
a-alpha = fastest
c= slower
why, the thiker ones travel faster - why when you stub your toe you feel the pain a few seconds after you hurt it?
- b/c pain travels in C neuron so it is slower to travel then the a-alpha neuron that carries touch
- central nervous system includes...
- brain and spinal cord
- alcholo is a CNS
- depressent
- peripheral nervous system
- motor neurons and sensory neurons
- motor neuron
- recieve info from motor CNS for motor movement
- sensory neuron
- send info to CNS (environment)
- brain protection
-
skull
cerebrospinal fluid
meninges - spine protection
-
vertibrae
cerebrospinal fluid
meninges - cerobrospinal fluid
-
1.protection - buffers brain
2.buoyancy - pressure at base of brain is reduced cause its floating
3.gets rid of waste product from brain
4.endocrine medium 4 brain - transport hormones 2 other part of brain - what is alzheimers?
- destroys brain cells
- what caues AD?
- abnormal structures - amyloid plaques and neurofibriallary tangles
- amyloid plaques
- clumps of altered proteins that form outside cells in brain
- neurofibrillary tangles
- clumps of altered proteins that from inside brain
- risk factors for AD
-
1. age (65+ 10%)(85+ 50)
2.genetics
3.high cholesteral, high BP - signs/symptoms
- memory loss, difficulty preforming familliar tasks, probs with language, disoreinattion wiht time and place, poor/decreased judgement, problems with abstract thinking, misplacing things, changes in mood/behavior, changes in personality, loss of initiative
- treatment for AD
-
no cure but can improve/stabalize symptoms
1.prescriptions
2.vitamin E -help brain cells defend from attack - what is MS
- autoimmune disease, affects CNS
- what happens in MS?
- myelin is lost, leaving scar tissue called sclerosisn (lesions/plaques)
- type of MS
- relasping-remitting 85%
- causes of MS
-
1.immunologic -immune system attacks mylin tissue
2.genetics - determine if person with be susceptable to triggering factor
3.environmental - some agent exposed before puberty
4.viral - long latency period - average persons chance of getting MS in US
- 1/1000
- average chance of person with relative with MS
- 1/100
- identical twin average
- 1/3
- patterns of MS
-
1. ages 20-50
2.2-3 times more often in women
3.more often in whites
4.250,000-350,000 in US
5. higher chance at higher latitude (40) - treatment for ms
-
1.beta-interferons
2.drugs that block immune system from attack on myelin
3.medicnes to reduce pain/inflamation
4.physical therapy
5.counseling - what is PD?
-
disorder of CNS - progressive loss of motor movement
loss of dopamine (60-80% of normal person) - what causes PD?
-
the cause is unknown
environmental trigger/genetic factors
heredity
age (50+) - signs/symptoms of PD
- tremors, difficulty walking,rigidy, poor palance, slowness of movement, difficulty speaking
- treatments of PD
-
1.levodopa - changed to dopamine - dont wnat to become dependent
2.indirect acting dopamine agonist - block or increase amount of dopamine taken by cells
3.dopamine agonists-act on dopamine receptors directly