Nervous System 1
Terms
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- What are the functions (3) of the Nervous system?
- Detect changes and feel sensations, Initiate responses to changes, and Organize and store information.
- The centeral nervous system (CNS) consists of the ______ and ______.
- brain and spinal
- The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consist of the _____ and _____ nerves.
- cranial and spinal
-
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is part of the _____ nervous system division.
CNS or PNS -
peripheral
PNS - The term that means nerve cell is ____________.
- neuron
- Name the 3 major parts of a neuron.
-
cell body
axon
dendrites - Neuron cell body contains the ________, cell bodies are in the ____ or in the trunk and are protected by bone.
-
nucleus
CNS - _____ carries impulses away from the cell body.
- Axon
- ________ contains the nucleus of the neuron.
- Cell body
- _______ carries impulses toward the cell body.
- dendrites
- The space between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of the cell body of the next neuron is called the __________.
- snapse
- In the PNS, the myelin sheath is made by cells called ______.
- schwann cells
- In the CNS, the myelin sheath is made by cells called ___________.
- oligodendrocytes
- The function of the myelin sheath is to provide _________ ________ for neurons.
- electrical insultation
- In the PNS, the neurolemma is formed by which parts of the Schwann cells?
- nuclei and cytoplasm
- The neurolemma permits ___________ of damaged axons or dendrites in the PNS.
- regeneration
- A _________ carries the impulse across a _____ and is then destroyed by a ________ ____________.
-
neurotransmitter
synapse
chemical inactivator - Name the inactivator for the neurotransmitter actylcholine.
- cholinesterase
- _____________- also called Efferent neurons.
- Motor neurons
- ________________- also called Afferent neurons.
- Sensory neurons
- _____________ are neurons found entirely within the CNS.
- Interneurons
- __________ are made of both sensory and motor neruons.
- Mixed nerve
- __________ - is a group of functionally related neurons within the CNS.
- Nerve tract
- _________ carries impulses from receptors to the CNS.
- Sensory neurons
- __________ carries impulses from the CNS to effectors.
- Motor neurons
- ___________ - neuron membrane has a (+) charge outside and a (-) charge inside.
- Polarization
- _____________ - entry of Na (sodium) ions and reversal of charges on either side of the membrane.
- Depolarization
- When a neuron is not carring an impulse, its cell membrane has a ___ charge outside and a ___ charge inside. The ions that are more abundant inside the cell are ____ ions.
-
positive
negative
Sodium (Na) - ____________ is brought about by a stimulus, which makes the neuron membrane very permeable to ___ ions, which rush ___ the cell. As a result, the membrane now has a ____ charge outside and a ___ charge inside.
-
Depolarization
sodium (Na)
into
negative
positive -
Immediatley following depolarization, the neuron membrane becomes very permeable to ____ ions, which rush _____ the cell. This is called ____________.
As a result, the membrane now has a ____ chargfe outside and ____ charge inside. The Na and K ions -
potassium (K)
out of
repolarization
positive
negative
sodium and potassium pumps - What are the two functions of the spinal cord?
-
transmit impulses to and from the brain.
And integrates the spinal cord reflexes. - The spinal cord is protected from mechanical injury by the ______, (bones)extends from the _______ ______ to the disc between the ___ & ___ ____________.
-
vertebrae
foramen magnum
1 & 2nd lumbar vertebrae - The cell bodies of motor neurons and interneurons are located in the ___________.
- gray matter
- The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the _______ ______ __________.
- dorsal root ganglion
- The dorsal root may also be called the ________ root because it is made of _____ neurons.
-
sensory
sensory - The ventral root may also be called the ____ root because it is made of ______ neurons.
-
motor
motor - The ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord are located in the ____ _____.
- white matter
- Ascending tracts may be called ______ tracts because they carry impulses ____ the brain.
-
sensory
toward - Descending tracts may also be called _____ tracts because they carry impulses _______ the brain.
-
motor
away from - Cerebrospinal fluid is found within the _____ ______.
- central canal
- trunk______ cervical pairs to head, ____, shoulder, arm and _________. _____ thoracic pairs to _______. ___ lumbar pairs and ___ sacral pairs to ____, pelvic cavity and ____. ___ very small coccygeal pair.
-
8 neck, diaphragm
12 trunk
5
5 hip , leg
1 - A reflex is an ____________ response to a ______________.
-
involuntary
stimulus - A reflex arc is the _________ nerve impulses _______ during a reflex.
-
pathway
travel - proper sequence of a reflex arc; (1) ______ (2) _____ ____ (3)CNS, with one or more synapses (4) ____ ______ (5) effector which responds.
-
(1) receptors
(2)sensory neurons
(4)motor neurons