SAT II: Biology
Terms
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- Acetylcholine
- one of the main neurotransmitters in the body. (somatic nervous system)
- Action potential
- a neuron rapidly returns to normal resting state -from tinside, -outside
- AUTOnomic nervous system
- involuntary sys.
- Axon
- Part of neuron that conducts signal
- Capillaries
- merge into veins. branches from arteries. thin cells walled.
- central nervous system
- Brain & Spinal Chord
- Cerebellum
- coordinates muscle movement & balance, so its smooth and coordinated
- cerebrum
- conscious mind. e.g. movement, speech, problem solving
- dendrites
- part of neuron that cecieves chemical signals
- depolarization
-
when the cell is + inside;
- outside from having Na+ enter - hypothalamus
- body homeostasis; eg: hormone levels, temp
- interneuron
- completely within brain & spinal chord. connect sensory & motor neurons
- Dedulla oblongata
- INVOLUNTARY acts origninate here eg: breathing, blood pressure
- Motor neuron
- involved in sending info from the CNS to organs of the body
- Myelin sheath
- increases speed at which an impulse can travel down an axon because hot all portions of the axon have to fire on action potential.
- Na+/K+ ATPase
- Protein that pumps 3 Na+ out and 2K+ in
- Nerve impulse
- traveling action potential
- Neuron
- nerve cells
- Neurotransmitter
- chemicals released by neurons
- Nodes of Ranvier
- spaces between Myelin Sheath which fires action potential
- Norepinephrine
- one of the main neurotransmitters in the body. used in Sympathetic system.
- Parasympathetic division
- Most active when at rest. Stimulates digestive system; decreases breathing; decreases blood pressure.
- Peripheral Nervous System
- Not brain or spinal cord. ex: oragns, skin
- Polarized
-
When a neuron is at rest; inside is - and outside is +
(-70mV) - Refractory Period
- ensures that action potential will only travel in one direction
- Repolarization
- When the membrane potential returns to resting value
- Salatory conduction
- "Jumping" type of conduction that only occurs in Nodes of Ranvier
- Schwann Cells
- These cells wrap around the axon (Myelin Sheath)
- Sensory Neuron
- involved in sending information to CNS from sensory organs of body.
- Somatic Nervous System
- Voluntary system uses AcH.
- Spinal cord
- Primarily involved in primitive; reflex actions
- Sympathetic division
- helps prepare body for stress situations (sweat, blood pressure)
- Synapse
- Gap between two neurons so the signal jumps to the next neuron/organ
- Threshold potential
- Voltage-gated channels are opened.