Med. Term Chap 2
Terms
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- abdomin/o
- abdommen
- adip/o
- fat
- anter/o
- front
- caud/o
- tail
- cephal/o
- head
- chondr/o
- cartilage
- crani/o
- skull
- cyt/o
- cell
- dist/o
- away from
- dors/o
- back of body
- epitheli/o
- epithelium
- hist/o
- tissue
- infer/o
- below
- later/o
- side
- medi/o
- middle
- muscul/o
- muscle
- neur/o
- nerve
- organ/o
- organ
- oste/o
- bone
- pelv/o
- pelvis
- poster/o
- back
- proxim/o
- near to
- somat/o
- body
- spin/o
- spine
- super/o
- above
- system/o
- system
- thorac/o
- chest
- ventr/o
- belly
- viscer/o
- internal organ
- epi-
-
above
ex. epigastric (above the stomach) - inter-
-
between
ex. intervertebral (between the vertebrae) - intra-
-
within
ex. intramuscular (within the muscle) - peri-
-
around or about
ex. pericardium (around the heart) - post-
-
behind or after
ex. postnasal (behind the nose) - retro-
-
behind or backward
ex. retrosternal (behind the sternum) - sub-
-
under or below
ex. substernal (below the sternum) - supra-
-
above
ex. suprosternal (above the sternum) - trans-
-
through or across
ex. transurethral (across the urethra) - integumentary system
-
function: forms protective two-way barrier & aids in temperature regulation
med. specialty: dermatology - musculoskeletal system
-
function: skeleton supports & protects the body, forms blood cells, and stores minerals. muscle produce movement
med. specialty: orthopedics, orthopedic surgery - cardiovascular system
-
function: pumps blood throughout the entire body to transport nutrients, oxygen & wastes
med. specialty: cardiology - blood (hematic) system
-
function: transports oxygen, protects against pathogens, & controls bleeding
med. speciality: hematologe - lymphatic system
-
function: protects the body from disease & invasion from pathogens
med. speciality: immunology - respiratory system
-
function: obtains nutrients for the body
med. speciality: otorhinolarynglolgy, pulmonology, thoracic surgery - urinary system
-
function: filters waste products out of the blood & removes them from the body
med. speciality: nephrology, urology - digestive system
-
function: obtains nutrients for the body
med. speciality: gastroenterology, proctology - female reproductive system
-
function: produces eggs for reproduction & provides place for growing baby
med. speciality: gynecology, obstetrics - male reproductive system
-
function: produces sperm for reproduction
med. speciality: urology - endocrine system
-
function: regulates metabolic activities of the body
med. speciality: endocrinology - nervous system
-
function: receives sensory information & coordinates the body's response
med. speciality: neurology, neurosurgery - special senses - eye
-
function: vision
med. speciality: opthalmology - special senses - ear
-
function: hearing and balance
med. speciality: otorhinolaryngology - sagittal/median plane
- cuts the body/organ into left and right protions
- frontal/coronal plane
- cuts the body/organ into front and back portions
- transverse/horizontal plane
- cuts the body/organ into upper and lower portions
- superior/cephalic
- more toward the head, or above another structure
- inferior/caudal
- more toward the feet or tail, or below another structure
- anterior/ventral
- more toward the front or belly-side of the body
- posterior/dorsal
- more toward the back or spinal cord side of the body
- medial
- refers to the middle or near the middle of the body or the structure
- lateral
- refers to the side
- apex
- tip or summit of an organ
- base
- bottom or lower part of an organ
- proximal
- located nearer to the point of attachment to the body
- distal
- located farther away from the point of attachment to the body
- superficial
- more toward the surface of the body
- deep
- further away from the surface of the body
- supine
- the body lying horizontally & facing upward
- prone
- the body lying horizontally & facing downward
- abdonminal cavity
-
the superior portion of the adominopelvic cavity
organs: stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, & portions of the small intestines & colon - abdominopelvic cavity
- ventral cavity consisting of the abdominal and pelvic cavities, contains digestive, urinary, and reproductive organs
- cranial cavity
-
dorsal body cavity, within the skull
organs: brain - diaphragm
- major muscle for inspiration, separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity
- mediastinum
-
central region of the chest cavity
organs: heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland, aorta - parietal layer
- outer pleural layer around the lungs, in lines the inside of the chest cavity
- parietal peritoneum
- the outer layer of the serous membrane sac lining the abdominopelvic cavity
- parietal pleura
- outermost layer of the serous membrane sac lining the thracic cavity
- pelvic cavity
-
inferior portion of the abdominoopelvic cavity
organs: urinary bladder, ureters, utethra & portions of the small intestines & colon; female: uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina; male: prostate gland, seminal vesicles, portion of the vas deferens - pericardial cavity
- cavity formed by the serous membrane sace surrounding the heart
- peritoneum
- membranous sac that lines the abdominal cavity and encases the abdominopelvic organs, the kidneys are an exception since they lay outside the peritoneum and alongside the vertebral column
- pleura
- a productive double layer of serous membrand around the lungs, the parietal membrane is the outermost layer and the visceral layer is the inner membrane. secretes a thin, watery fluid to reduce friction associated w/ lung movement
- pleural cavity
- cavity formed by the serous membrane sac surrounding the lungs
- retroperitoneal
- pertaining to behind the peritoneum, used to describe the position of the kidneys, which is outside the peritoneal alongside the spine
- serous membrane
- these membranes are found lining body cavities and secrete a thin, watery fluid that acts as a lubricant as organs rub against one another
- spinal cavity
- a dorsal body cavity within the spinal column that contains the spinal cord
- thoracic cavity
- a ventral body vavity in the shest area that contains the lungs and heart
- viscera
- the name for the internal organs of the body, such as the lungs, stomach, and liver
- visceral layer
- the inner pleural layer, it adheres to the surface of the lung
- visceral peritoneum
- the inner layer of the serous membrane sac encasing the abdominopelvic vescera
- visceral pleura
- the inner layer of the serous membrane sac enccasing the thoracic viscera
- right hypochondriac
- right lateral region of upper row beneath the lower ribs
- epigastric
- middle area of upper row above the lower ribs
- left hypochondriac
- left lateral region of the upper row beneath the lower ribs
- right lumbar
- right lateral region of the middle row at the waist
- umbilical
- central area over the navel
- left lumbar
- left lateral region of the middle row at the waist
- right iliac
- right lateral region of the lower row at the groin
- hypogastric
- middle region of the lower row beneath the navel
- left iliac
- left lateral region of the lower row at the groin
- right upper quadrant
- contains majority of liver, gallbladder, small portion of pancreas, right kidney, small intestines and colon
- right lower quadrant
- contains small intestines and colon, right ovary and fallopian tube, appendix, and right ureter
- left upper quadrant
- contains small portion of liver, spleen, stomach, majority of pancreas, left kidney, small intestines, and colon
- left lower quadrant
- contains small intestines and colon, left ovary and fallopian tube, and left ureter
- midline organs
- uterus, urinary bladder. prostate