3/7/06 Drugs
Terms
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- Acetaminophen - Names
- Tylenol, Anacin-3
- Acetaminophen - Classification
-
analgesic
antipyretic - Acetaminophen - Action
-
exact moa unknown
increases pain threshold
reduces fever by acting on the heat regulation center of the brain - Acetaminophen - Indications
- mild pain or fever
- Acetaminophen - Contraindications
-
hypersensitivity
children < 3 years old
use with caution in chronic alcoholics - Acetaminophen - Side effects
- may cause hepatoxicity in alcoholics
- Acetaminophen - Dose
-
325 - 650 mg PO/4-6 hours
650 mg PR/4-6 hours - Acetaminophen - Onset
- 15 - 30 minutes
- Acetaminophen - Duration
- 3 - 4 hours
- Acetaminophen - Pregnancy class
- Class B
- Acetaminophen - Note
- has no peripheral anti-inflammatory effects
- Adenosine - Names
- adenocard
- Adenosine - Classification
-
endegonous nucleoside
miscellaneous antidysrhythmic - Adenosine - Action
-
slows conduction through the AV node w/o negative inotropic effects
acts directly on sinus pacemaker cells & vagal nerve terminals to decrease chronotropic activity - Adenosine - Indications
-
SVT
PSVT - Adenosine - Contraindications
-
2° block
3° block
sick sinus syndrome
A-flutter*
A-fib*
V-tach*
*contraindicated because not effective - Adenosine - Side Effects
-
chest pain
diaphoresis
headache
hypotension
lightheadedness
metallic taste
nausea
parasthesias
palpitations
shortness of breath
transient asystole
transient bradycardia
transient sinus pause
ventricular ectopy - Adenosine - Adult Dose
- 6 mg rapid IV (1-3 seconds), followed by 20 mL saline flush. May repeat 12 mg & flush if no response after 2 minutes. May repeat a second time if no response after 2 minutes.
- Adenosine - Peds Dose
- 0.1 mg/kg rapid IV bolus, followed by 5 mL saline flush, may be doubled one time.
- Adenosine - Max Single Doses
-
Adult: 12 mg
Peds: 6 mg - Adenosine - Pregnancy Class
- Class C
- Adenosine - Notes
-
place patient in reverse Trendelenburg before administration
theophylline & caffeine antagonize effects of adenosine
brief period of asystole (up to 15 seconds) may follow conversion, followed by resumption of NSR
dipyridamole potentiates effects of adenosine, so smaller adenosine dose may be required
carbamazepine may potentiate AV node blocking effect of adenosine - Adenosine - Onset
- immediate
- Adenosine - Duration
- 10 seconds
- Nitrous Oxide - Names
- Nitronox
- Nitrous Oxide - Classification
- gaseous analgesic/anesthetic
- Nitrous Oxide - Action
-
causes anesthesia when inhaled by depressing the CNS
reduces hypoxia by increasing oxygen tension in the blood - Nitrous Oxide - Indications
-
moderate to severe pain
anxiety
apprehension - Nitrous Oxide - Contraindications
-
bowel obstruction
chest trauma (pneuomothorax)
COPD
decompression sickness
head injury
hypotension
impaired level of conciousness
marked abdomen distention
shock
undiagnosed abdominal pain - Nitrous Oxide - Dose
- invert cylinder several times before use and have patient hold mask or mouthpiece and inhale
- Nitrous Oxide - Onset
- 2 - 5 minutes
- Nitrous Oxide - Duration
- 2 - 5 minutes
- Nitrous Oxide - Notes
-
may increase incidence of spontaneous abortion
is a nonexplosive gas
patient must hold mask and self administer - Thiamine - Names
- betaxin
- Thiamine - Class
- vitamin B1
- Thiamine - Action
- combines with ATP to form coenzymes for carbohydrate metabolism
- Thiamine - Indications
-
coma of unknown origin
delirium tremors
beriberi
Wernicke's encephalopathy - Thiamine - Contraindications
- none
- Thiamine - Side Effects
-
allergic reaction
andioedema
anxiety
diaphoresis
hypotension (large or rapid dose)
N/V - Thiamine - Adult Dose
- 100 mg slow IV/IM
- Thiamine - Peds Dose
- not recommended for peds
- Thiamine - Pregnancy Class
-
Class A
Class C if given more than the daily recommended dose - Thiamine - Notes
-
Large IV doses may cause respiratory difficulties
give before administering D50 - Thiamine - Onset
- rapid
- Thiamine - Duration
- depends on degree of deficiency