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Normal Anatomy of the dog and cat mouth

Terms

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mesaticephalic
middle size lenght of nose - normal occlusion
Brachycephalic
short size length of nose - underbite
Dolichocephalic
Long face - under bite
maxilla
upper jaw
mandible
lower jaw
mandibular symphysis
where the fibrous joint of the mandible is; where the two halfs of the mandible meet.
Rugae
The waves across the roof of the mouth- on the hard palate.
Helps move things to the back of the mouth.
Vestibule
back portion between jaw and cheek, the pouch
fauca
The tissue at the back of the mouth where the jaws meet
Gingiva
the gums
Sulcus
Where the gums meet the teeth.
Oral mucosa (mucus membrane)
All the tissue in your mouth is a mucus membrane.
Commisure
The corners of your lips.
Mucogingival line
Where your gus meet your lips.
Mucocutaneous junction
Where your lips meet your face
Occlusion
Hoe the teeth on the top and bottom meet.
Diastema
The NORMAL space between teeth.
Labial
Lips, toward the lips
Palatal
Toward the palate.
Buccal
Toward the commisure ot the middle.
Lingual
Underneath the tongue.
Distal
The surface of the teeth facing the back of the mouth.
Mesial
The surface of the teeth(in between teeth) facing the front of the mouth.
Interproximal surface
Between teeth, the distal/mesial interproximal surface.
Occlusal surface
The surface where the teeth meet.
Coronal
Up towards the gum.
Apical
Down towards the tip of the teeth.
Enamel
Covers the surface of the tooth. Made mostly of mineral crytals- calcium. No elasticity.
dentin
Just below the enamel makes up the majority of the tooth structure. Arranged in tubules which radiate outwards from the pulp chamber towards the enamel.Odontoblasts make dentin through out the life of the tooth. Primary dentin-before eruption, secondary dentin-thereafter, tertiary-injury. Dentin contains nerve fibers.
Alveolus
the socket
Cementum
Covering on the roots of the teeth. Cementoblasts make it throughout the life of the tooth. Contains nerve fibers.
Furcation
Space between the roots.
Neck
Where the crown and the roots meet
Apex
The tip of the root.
Apical delta
The tip of the apex
Periodontal ligaments
The connective tissue surrounding the root of a tooth and attaching it to its bony socket.
Crown
The top section of the tooth.
Ameloblasts
Form tooth enamel until the tooth erupts, then no more is made.
enamel hypoplasia
weak brittle enamel with a chalky appearance d.t minimal calcification because of disruption of the ameloblasts during production. No nerve endings or vlood supply.
Cats
Dogs
Humans
Enamel thickness
<0.1 - 0.3mm
<0.1 - 0.6mm
2 - 4mm on occlusal surface
Deciduous teeth
Primary or baby teeth.
Dental Formual For the Dog
2(Di3/3, Dc1/1,Dp3/3) = 28

2(I3/3,C1/1,P4/4,M2/3) = 42
Dental formual for the Cat
2(Di3/3,Dc1/1,Dp3/2) = 26

2(I3/3,C1/1,P3/2,M1/1) = 30
The Triadan Numbering System

Upper right
Upper left
Lower right
Lower left
1 and 5
2 and 6
3 and 7
4 and 8
The rule of 4 and 9
canine teeth are always indicated by a 04 and the first molar by a 09.
What are some clinical signs of a dental problem?
Excessive salivation, bleeding, anorexia, chewing on only one side, halitosis, visible abnormalities.
Plaque
A film of bacteria and mucus on a tooth surface.
Tartar (aka:calculus)
A hard yellow deposit on the teeth.
pockets
pockets under the gumline between the tooth and gumline.
Furcation exposure
extreme gum recession.
mobility
graded 1-3 on the amount the tooth can move in the socket.
Oronasal fistulas
Making an opening from the mouth to the nose.
Gemini
One root bud splits to form two identical crowns that are stuck together.
Supernumary teeth
Having two sets or two of one adult tooth.
brachygnathia
overbite - lower jaw too far back.
prognathia
underbite - lower jaw protrudes.
Open bite
teeth don't come together.
Pulpitis
Inflammation of the pulp cavity.
ORL - odontoclastic resorptive lesion
A lesion at the neck of the tooth where odontoclasts are breaking it down.
epulis
a benugn gingival mass
faucitis
inflammation of the fauca, usually a sign of a disease - FIV, etc.

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