Soc. Chapter 3
Terms
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- Path 3 -> 1
- language to experience. language influences how we see the world
- materialist/ post-materialist value dimension
- materialist: give priority to economic security, not very happy, don't trust others. post-materialist: priority to self-expression, very happy
- rationalization
- A: the most efficient means to achieve goals B: unintended negative consequences of doing so
- postmodernism
- characterized by an electric mixing of cultural elements
- symbols
- things that carry particular meanings
- Richard Hoggart and E.P Thompson
- showed how working-class people shape the cultural environments where they live
- popular (mass) culture
- culture consumed by all classes
- consumerism
- tendency to define ourselves in terms of what we purchase
- society
- people who interact and share a culture
- traditional/modern value dimension
- traditional: god is important in life, religious, national pride. modern: god NOT important, NOT religious, NO national pride
- Path 2 -> 3
- thought to language. develop language to express our concepts
- Stuart Hall
- showed how people mold culture to fit their sense of self
- rights revolution
- process by which socially excluded groups have struggled to win equal rights under the law
- ethnocentrism
- judging another culture by the standard of one's own culture
- folkways
- least important norms. violating them = least severe punishment. EX: man walking down street without shirt
- nonmaterial culture
- composed of symbols, norms and other non-tangible elements of culture
- abstraction
- capacity to create general ideas
- multiculturalism
- supporters argue that curriculum fur public schools should reflect the country's ethnic/racial diversity
- Path 1 -> 2
- experience to thought
- cooperation
- capacity to create complex social life
- subculture
- set of distinctive values, norms, practices within a larger culture
- taboos
- among strongest norms. when violated, causes chaos in community and punishment is severe
- countercultures
- subversive subcultures. oppose dominant values and seek to replace them
- mores
- norms that most people believe are essential for the survival of their society EX: man walking down street with no pants
- high culture
- culture consumed by upper class
- 3 negatives of multiculturalism
- hurts minority students by forcing them to spend too much time on noncore subjects. -- Causes political disunity resulting in more interracial conflict. -- growth of cultural relativism
- language
- system of symbols strung together to communicate thought
- globalization
- process by which formerly separate economies, states, cultures are being tied together.
- 3 tools for cultural survival
- abstraction, cooperation, production
- production
- making/using tools and techniques to improve our ability to take what we want from nature
- rites of passage
- transition from one stage of life to another
- cultural lag
- tendency of symbolic culture to change more slowly than material culture
- cultural relativism
- belief that all cultures and all practices have equal value
- material culture
- composed of techniques that enable people to get things accomplished
- Culture
- all ideas, practices, material objects that people create to deal with life problems
- sapir- whorf thesis
- paths 1, 2, 3. experience, thought and language interact