Imaging Lab final
Terms
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- Sante's equation
- 2x tissue thickness(cm)+ SID + grid factor = KvP
- Where should patella be positioned when taking a craniocaudal view of the femur?
- between femoral condyles
- What position is pt in for a caudocranial view of the stifle joint?
- sternal (rear leg is stretched out behind pt)
- What should be included in view of femur?
- Hip joint, femur, and stifle
- What should field of view include in film of tibia and fibula?
- stifle, tibia & fibula, and tarsal joint
- Where is the beam center and measurement for a lateral or craniocaudal view of the femur?
- Both are at middle of femur
- Where is the beam center and measurement for a craudocranial view of the stifle joint?
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Center - over stifle joint
measurement - distal end of femur - Where is beam center and measurement for both lateral and caudocranial views of tibia and fibula?
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Center - middle of tib and fib
measurement - over stifle joint - Where is beam center and measurement views of tarsus?
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Center - middle of tarsus
Measurement - thickest area of tarsal joint - metatarsus-phalanges views - beam and measurement
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Beam - midmetatarsal region
Measurement - distal tarsal joint - When positioning for lateral view of pelvis - which femur should be slightly more cranial?
- limb closest to the cassette
- Which pelvic view should be used if pelvic trauma is suspected?
- dorsal w/ limbs in frog-leg position
- Which view of stifle is most likely to be magnified?
- craniocaudal
- What are the 5 positioning requirements for a VD pelvis?
- femurs parallel to eachother, patellae centered between femoral condyles, pelvis is w/o rotation (sides are mirror images), tail secured w/ tape (if needed) between femurs, view includes pelvis, femurs & stifle joint
- Extended VD view of pelvis - beam & measurement
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Beam - caudal portion of ischium
Measure - center of femur - Any body part in excess of ____ requires the use of a grid.
- 10 cm
- Describe QC test - SID Marks
- Measure from focal spot on tube to top of table, measure from top of table to top of cassette in bucky tray - add two measurements together - should equal SID indicated on tube stand
- Describe QC test - Perpendicularity
- Use level to make sure that xray tube is level and perpendicular to the tabletop
- Describe QC test - tube/table/crane locks
- activate and deactivate locks to make sure that they lock securely and unlock properly
- Describe QC test - X-ray Field of Light
- Clean cover over collimator, make sure that in normal room light the edges of the field are easily seen
- Describe QC test - light field size
- Measure light field to make sure it is w/i 2% of collimator indicators
- Describe QC test - Angulation Indicator
- use protractor placed on table top to make sure that decree of angle of x-ray tube is accurate
- Describe QC test - Light Field/X-ray Field alignment
- Place 9 coins on light field - one in center and 8 at edges (one in field, one out), develop film - should show all of (and only) coins in field. This makes sure collimator is adjusted properly
- Describe QV test - Fog Test
- expose film, take into darkroom and remove film from cassette, cover half of film w/ cassette and allow to sit for 2 minutes, develop film - difference in sides indicates something is causing a radiographic fog
- What is the difference between a positive contract media and a negative?
- positive will appear as black on a radiograph, negative will appear as white
- Barium and Iodine are what kind of contract media?
- positive
- Gases are what kind of contrast media?
- negative
- What view is contraindicated during esophagography and why?
- VD, patient could aspirate the media
- What contrast media is insoluable in the GI tract and not absorbed by the abdomen or thorax if leakage occurs?
- Barium
- What medium is contraindicated if a GI perforation is suspected? What should be used in its place in this case?
- Barium - iodine should be used
- What supplies would you need for a barium series?
- barium, saline, catheter tipped 60 ml syringe, orogastric tube, lube, gauze, towels, cassettes
- Why is a small amount of saline infused before the barium?
- To make sure that tube is correctly placed - animal will cough if tube not placed correctly (saline going into lungs)
- If a film is too dark what adjustment could be made?
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decrease KVP by 10-15%
decrease MAS by 30-50% - If a film is too light what adjustments could be made?
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increase KVP by 10-15%
increase MAS by 30 - 50% - If film is all the same shade of white or grey, what adjustment should be made?
- increase KVP to increase penetration
- What view is preferred for lateral abdomen and why?
- Right lateral - gives better view of kidneys (rt kidney more cranial because of heart)
- What is proper temp of chemicals for manual processing?
- 68°
- Why do chemicals need to be stirred before manual processing?
- The chemical are suspensions and components tend to settle on bottom of tanks
- 5 steps of manual film processing
- developer, rinse/stop bath, fix, wash, dry
- Why is the film removed quickly from the developer and placed into the rinse bath (and from the fix to the wash)?
- To keep spent developer/fix from the film from dripping back into the tank
- How long is film in the rinse tank in manual film processing?
- 30 seconds
- Why if film agitated in tanks in manual processing?
- To remove air bubbles from the film
- How long is film in fix?
- 2x developing time
- How long should a film wash?
- 20-30 minutes
- Why are film corners sometimes clipped w/ manual processing?
- Some of the hangers may puncture film and you do not want those punctures scratching adjacent films when filed