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Multicultural Final

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alcholism (indians)
6 times more likely to die, 21% of hospitalizations , 32% of child bearing age drink heavily
drugs (indians)
very high rates, related to drop out rate, low feelings of self efficacy, feelings of powerlessness *community oriented problems work well
bicultural orientation
allows traditional orientation values adn some practice and belief of host culture, "healthiest" resoloution, not whole sale rejection of other culture
bi-racial ID development Personal ID
independent of ethnic heritage
Arab- what are the negative sterotypes
terrorist, store clerk, violent, post sept 11th has had increased profiling, workplace discrimination, "voluntary interview" , many are afraid to attend mosque
ethnic identity - therapist
if therapist is rejecting part of self, then may reject clients that represent that part
what marginalized or assimilated indians face
1) denial or lack of pride in being N.A; pressure to adopt majority values; guilt over not knowing/participating in own culture; neg views of native americans; lack of support and belief system
monoracial
why can you be multiracial as long as you arn't black? Why can you only check one box? - and what are the politics behind minority group leaders to keep it that way to make sure that their groups maintain their consitutants
co-construction
problems and solutions are developed with the help of the client and counselor, reduces change of imposing theoretical framework
marginal syndrome
viewed as fractional person, encounter prejudice and discrimination not only from dominant group but also from secondary ethnic groups as well
somatic complaints
how they can present mental illness in a culturally acceptable way , physical problems cause emotional disturbances, address consequences of the "illness"
non interference
rights are respected, observe instead of acting impulsively, rights of others respected = this influences the way that they parent
familismo
family unity, very important in hispanic families, along with respect and loyalty to family
personalismo
basic cultural values, once trust is developed close bond may be formed, seen as family member or friend
sweat lodge/vision quest
used to try to re-establish connections b/w body, mind and spirit to restore harmony among systems (disharmony is seen as illness)
therapist client matching
what stage are they at? - A.A more likely to drop out with therapist of same sex or different race, White - gender matching only good for women, if you match Asian americans dropout rate goes down and treatment goes up
Sunni/Shiites
Sunni is the larger group
jewish identity
very intimate, most are produ, revovles around common expereinces and history rather than religon
hierarchial relationships
Kor/Chinese/Southwest Assian american are more authoritarian and the mothers serve emotional functioning, the father is seen as authoritative and distant
seperation (asian)
just identifies with asian culture
values and implications on counseling
not focused on individual, can't come out and ask about emotions, focus on behaviors, mind/body not seperate, discuss educational conflict as a conflict of culture
Arab American - best counseling practices and pitfalls
address male first, no neg self disclosures because they are seen as weakness, may be reluctant to show negative feelings, ask about the importance of religon, could be holistic and may face discrimination
extended family/ IA
the tribe, extended family in charge of education and the training of the child
causes of diminishing Jewish population
aging, falling birth rate, intermarriage and many more are assimilating adn no longer practicing or holding ties to Jewish roots
fatalismo
fate - God only knows, feel resigned to misfortunes and difficulties
male role problem -machismo
may have difficulty interacting with agencies and individuals outside family, feelings of isolation because of need to be strong, conflict over need to be consistant, anxiety about sex
Indians - non verbal communication
direct eye contact with elders is seen as disrespect, learning occurs by listening, females ask few direct questions
model minority
people think that they have made it, but higher precentage of families w/more than one wage earner, high prevalance of poverty, discrepency b/w education and income, spend twice as much time on school, more isolated, depressed, anxious
bi-racial ID development/ intergration
wholeness of ID
idenitity purgatory
used to describe the existance of a person of mixed race who lives on the margins of many worlds, but not fully included in any
bi-racial ID development enmeshment /denial
negative feelings involving denying ones racial heritage
healthy resolutions to multiracial ID
accept ID assigned by soceity, "protean" person shifting from one ID to anohter, may actively choose one ID, may ID with new mixed race - positive traits: unique, greater tolerance and understanding, ability to build alliances, able to relate to more groups
communication differences
indians, speak softly, intergect less, may impact expectations or responsiveness of clients
hypodescent
one drop rule for African Americans - and the white woman who bears an african american child would become the slave of the father's master as well
different ways to be jewish
1) people who practice and have ethnic background; 2) those who are converted but don't have jewish parents; 3)individuals who are ethnically and culturally but don't practice
integration/biculturation (asian)
retains many asian values but adapts to dominant culture by learning neccesary skills and values
racial identity/Af.A
preencounter - won't report discrimination, immersion tend to be younger, after pre-encounter want a black counselor but the most important thing is that they be culturally sensitive
Arab American numbers
56% Lebanon, 14% Syria 11% Egypt, 1st wave more educated, assimilated, was before WWI, second wave escaping wars. 61% married, 57% male, 41% go to college, median income is higher but poverty rate is lower
hate crimes against jews
largest # of crimes for any religon, 40% of americans think that Jewish lobby is why we are in Iraq, 14% of Americans are hard core anti semetic
miscegenation
the beliefs tath are bad about race mixing
time orientatino *indians*
life is here and now - punctuality not important
inter-racial conflict
worried to discuss b.c gives more power to whites, make racism ok - divide and conquer, divert attention from bigger "white" problem, african americans hold greater prejudice against asian than whites
bi-racial ID development choice of group catagorization
feels pressure to ID with one group
sex roles of females - marianismo
females very restricted, self sacrificing, socialized to feel inferior, inability to express anger, can feel bad about not living up to standards - conflict if she has more power than man
hispanic
US gov. def to the common background of the spanish language among people from various regions (central and south america), largest minority group in the US, 11 mil undocumented
Acculturation conflicts (NA)
traditional - speak little english, practice tribal customs and worship; marginal - speak both, lost touch with cultural heritage but not accepted in mainstream; bicultural - conversant in both sets of values; assmilated only mainstream; pantraditional is those trying to return to "old ways"
healthy cultural paranoia
less likely to take medicine, lack of trust and feeling of discrimination in social and medical suport - acts as a coping stratagy
jewish - where are they?
85% are from the US, most of the rest are from the USSR,
educational experiences Af.A
males in middle school shos disidentifciation, disengagement of academic performance with self esteem, more likely to be suspended
Asian Assimilation
higher b/w mothers and sons than with daughters, unhappy with appearence
bi-racial ID development/appriciation
values roots of both parents
white freedom riders
1/2 of them and the civil rights attorneys were Jewish, forefront of the civil rights movement - > but they are against affirmative action
generation
1) often still in home culture, 2) marginal in both
things to keep in mind with hispanics
generational status, primary language, reason for immigration, relgious orientation and strength of beliefs, use brief solution focused therapies and start out formal
Arab acculturation conflicts
very different from family to family, muslim families tend to hold more traditional beliefs - generational conflicts, conflicts between sexes
cooperation *indians*
tribe and family take precedence over i. they actively avoid disagreement or contradictions, do not like to be singled out unless the whole group will benifet
bicultural (hispanic)
thought to lead to optimal levels of mental health, fully part of both cultures
interacial relationships
Latino, Asian American and native american women more likely to intermarry than the men. black and white men have highest intermarriage rates than other men, highest bw white men and asian women. lowest bw white men and black women
collectivistic orientation
childrens opinion does not matter, emphasis on family harmony, adapting to needs of others, adherence to "correct" values
acculturation stress (hispanic)
linked to depression and sucidal ideation, can be a large problem b/w parent and child, esp over gender issues

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