Multicultural Final
Terms
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- alcholism (indians)
- 6 times more likely to die, 21% of hospitalizations , 32% of child bearing age drink heavily
- drugs (indians)
- very high rates, related to drop out rate, low feelings of self efficacy, feelings of powerlessness *community oriented problems work well
- bicultural orientation
- allows traditional orientation values adn some practice and belief of host culture, "healthiest" resoloution, not whole sale rejection of other culture
- bi-racial ID development Personal ID
- independent of ethnic heritage
- Arab- what are the negative sterotypes
- terrorist, store clerk, violent, post sept 11th has had increased profiling, workplace discrimination, "voluntary interview" , many are afraid to attend mosque
- ethnic identity - therapist
- if therapist is rejecting part of self, then may reject clients that represent that part
- what marginalized or assimilated indians face
- 1) denial or lack of pride in being N.A; pressure to adopt majority values; guilt over not knowing/participating in own culture; neg views of native americans; lack of support and belief system
- monoracial
- why can you be multiracial as long as you arn't black? Why can you only check one box? - and what are the politics behind minority group leaders to keep it that way to make sure that their groups maintain their consitutants
- co-construction
- problems and solutions are developed with the help of the client and counselor, reduces change of imposing theoretical framework
- marginal syndrome
- viewed as fractional person, encounter prejudice and discrimination not only from dominant group but also from secondary ethnic groups as well
- somatic complaints
- how they can present mental illness in a culturally acceptable way , physical problems cause emotional disturbances, address consequences of the "illness"
- non interference
- rights are respected, observe instead of acting impulsively, rights of others respected = this influences the way that they parent
- familismo
- family unity, very important in hispanic families, along with respect and loyalty to family
- personalismo
- basic cultural values, once trust is developed close bond may be formed, seen as family member or friend
- sweat lodge/vision quest
- used to try to re-establish connections b/w body, mind and spirit to restore harmony among systems (disharmony is seen as illness)
- therapist client matching
- what stage are they at? - A.A more likely to drop out with therapist of same sex or different race, White - gender matching only good for women, if you match Asian americans dropout rate goes down and treatment goes up
- Sunni/Shiites
- Sunni is the larger group
- jewish identity
- very intimate, most are produ, revovles around common expereinces and history rather than religon
- hierarchial relationships
- Kor/Chinese/Southwest Assian american are more authoritarian and the mothers serve emotional functioning, the father is seen as authoritative and distant
- seperation (asian)
- just identifies with asian culture
- values and implications on counseling
- not focused on individual, can't come out and ask about emotions, focus on behaviors, mind/body not seperate, discuss educational conflict as a conflict of culture
- Arab American - best counseling practices and pitfalls
- address male first, no neg self disclosures because they are seen as weakness, may be reluctant to show negative feelings, ask about the importance of religon, could be holistic and may face discrimination
- extended family/ IA
- the tribe, extended family in charge of education and the training of the child
- causes of diminishing Jewish population
- aging, falling birth rate, intermarriage and many more are assimilating adn no longer practicing or holding ties to Jewish roots
- fatalismo
- fate - God only knows, feel resigned to misfortunes and difficulties
- male role problem -machismo
- may have difficulty interacting with agencies and individuals outside family, feelings of isolation because of need to be strong, conflict over need to be consistant, anxiety about sex
- Indians - non verbal communication
- direct eye contact with elders is seen as disrespect, learning occurs by listening, females ask few direct questions
- model minority
- people think that they have made it, but higher precentage of families w/more than one wage earner, high prevalance of poverty, discrepency b/w education and income, spend twice as much time on school, more isolated, depressed, anxious
- bi-racial ID development/ intergration
- wholeness of ID
- idenitity purgatory
- used to describe the existance of a person of mixed race who lives on the margins of many worlds, but not fully included in any
- bi-racial ID development enmeshment /denial
- negative feelings involving denying ones racial heritage
- healthy resolutions to multiracial ID
- accept ID assigned by soceity, "protean" person shifting from one ID to anohter, may actively choose one ID, may ID with new mixed race - positive traits: unique, greater tolerance and understanding, ability to build alliances, able to relate to more groups
- communication differences
- indians, speak softly, intergect less, may impact expectations or responsiveness of clients
- hypodescent
- one drop rule for African Americans - and the white woman who bears an african american child would become the slave of the father's master as well
- different ways to be jewish
- 1) people who practice and have ethnic background; 2) those who are converted but don't have jewish parents; 3)individuals who are ethnically and culturally but don't practice
- integration/biculturation (asian)
- retains many asian values but adapts to dominant culture by learning neccesary skills and values
- racial identity/Af.A
- preencounter - won't report discrimination, immersion tend to be younger, after pre-encounter want a black counselor but the most important thing is that they be culturally sensitive
- Arab American numbers
- 56% Lebanon, 14% Syria 11% Egypt, 1st wave more educated, assimilated, was before WWI, second wave escaping wars. 61% married, 57% male, 41% go to college, median income is higher but poverty rate is lower
- hate crimes against jews
- largest # of crimes for any religon, 40% of americans think that Jewish lobby is why we are in Iraq, 14% of Americans are hard core anti semetic
- miscegenation
- the beliefs tath are bad about race mixing
- time orientatino *indians*
- life is here and now - punctuality not important
- inter-racial conflict
- worried to discuss b.c gives more power to whites, make racism ok - divide and conquer, divert attention from bigger "white" problem, african americans hold greater prejudice against asian than whites
- bi-racial ID development choice of group catagorization
- feels pressure to ID with one group
- sex roles of females - marianismo
- females very restricted, self sacrificing, socialized to feel inferior, inability to express anger, can feel bad about not living up to standards - conflict if she has more power than man
- hispanic
- US gov. def to the common background of the spanish language among people from various regions (central and south america), largest minority group in the US, 11 mil undocumented
- Acculturation conflicts (NA)
- traditional - speak little english, practice tribal customs and worship; marginal - speak both, lost touch with cultural heritage but not accepted in mainstream; bicultural - conversant in both sets of values; assmilated only mainstream; pantraditional is those trying to return to "old ways"
- healthy cultural paranoia
- less likely to take medicine, lack of trust and feeling of discrimination in social and medical suport - acts as a coping stratagy
- jewish - where are they?
- 85% are from the US, most of the rest are from the USSR,
- educational experiences Af.A
- males in middle school shos disidentifciation, disengagement of academic performance with self esteem, more likely to be suspended
- Asian Assimilation
- higher b/w mothers and sons than with daughters, unhappy with appearence
- bi-racial ID development/appriciation
- values roots of both parents
- white freedom riders
- 1/2 of them and the civil rights attorneys were Jewish, forefront of the civil rights movement - > but they are against affirmative action
- generation
- 1) often still in home culture, 2) marginal in both
- things to keep in mind with hispanics
- generational status, primary language, reason for immigration, relgious orientation and strength of beliefs, use brief solution focused therapies and start out formal
- Arab acculturation conflicts
- very different from family to family, muslim families tend to hold more traditional beliefs - generational conflicts, conflicts between sexes
- cooperation *indians*
- tribe and family take precedence over i. they actively avoid disagreement or contradictions, do not like to be singled out unless the whole group will benifet
- bicultural (hispanic)
- thought to lead to optimal levels of mental health, fully part of both cultures
- interacial relationships
- Latino, Asian American and native american women more likely to intermarry than the men. black and white men have highest intermarriage rates than other men, highest bw white men and asian women. lowest bw white men and black women
- collectivistic orientation
- childrens opinion does not matter, emphasis on family harmony, adapting to needs of others, adherence to "correct" values
- acculturation stress (hispanic)
- linked to depression and sucidal ideation, can be a large problem b/w parent and child, esp over gender issues