English Victorian Age
Terms
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- juxtaposition
- placement of two opposite things next to each other to emphasize contrast
- dramatic monologue
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a single character delievers a speech
-the speaker indirectly reveals his/her situation and character
- a silent listener, addressed by the speaker and implied in what the speaker says
ex: Ulysses/ My last Duchess when the duke was talking to the person who was going to maybe introduce him to his next wife
pg.828 - Blank Verse
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unrhymed iambic pentamter
Ex: Ulysses by alfred, lord tennyson
none of the verses rhyme in Ulysses - Novel
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-long work of fiction featuring:
-complex plot, including subplots and multiple settings
-major and minor characters
-significant overall theme
ex: Hard times CHarles DIckens - Social Critisism
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calls attention to society's ills
-particluar incidents critisize social trends and forces
ex: Hard times CHarles DIckens
he critisizes utilitarianism by satirizing it. he portrays utilitarian teachings as unimaginative and accuses it of producing teachers and students who are cold and lifeless. - poetry theme
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isolation of individuals of one another and society
ex: dover beach by matthew arnold
the speaker is on the beach all alone talking about how isolated he is and it encourages people to reach out to one another - mood
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the feeling that the poem evokes
ex: dover beach matthew arnold
sadness - theme
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the central idea
ex: dover beach matthew arnold
Dover Beach's theme is a negative view of the isolation of individuals of one another and society. - aside
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a little comment off the main track
has truth / real feelings of speakers
ex: ow poor beggars in red!
Widow at windsors- Rudyard Kipling - emotive vs. informative
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emotive language- uses words, phrases, and examples for emotive effect
informative language- conveys facts
emotive ex: Conditions of IRELAND edited by Henry Mayhew
"ignorant and vicious legislation" he uses this to emote a feeling of disgust for the legislation.
Informative language
the author uses statistics reffering to the amount of land that could be used for cultivation. - Imagery
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descriptive language that recreates sensory experience. use it to create metaphors and other figures of speech. appeals to any or all of the five senses. often creates patterns supporting a poem's theme.
ex: dover beach matthew arnold
Arnold talks about the see with many beautiful details but the image is so lonely, and it supports the theme of isolation. - Satire
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uses humor to critisize something
ex: Hard Times
Dickens portrays bitzer and McChokeumChild and mr.gradgrind as bland lifeless tools of utilitarianism - Irony
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involves surprising intresting or a musing contradicions
Ex: Lady of Shallot Alfred, Lord Tennyson
it's ironic how when she wanted to live a real life in the real world, thats when she lost her life - Refrain
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repeated verse
ex: Recessional Rudyard Kipling
he repeats "Less we forget, Less we forget." - Heroic couplet
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couplet - 2 rhyming lines
iambic pentameter- rhythm in which the iambic pattern weak strong is repeated 5 times
ex: My Last Dutchess
every two lines rhyme and they have iambic pentameter - allusion
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reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work
ex: Widow at Windsor
rudyard Kipling - journalistic essay
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a short prose pieces that provide perspective on current events or trends. Serious or trivial stories out of news
can go two ways:
voice of an all knowing judge
ex: condition of Ireland Henry Mayhew
or
may offer individual opinions about common concerns - Speaker
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not necessarily the poet, person who "says" the poems words
-fictional or real ex: My Last Dutchess
-generalized or specific ex: Dover Beach - Euphemism
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(pleasant speech) mild indirect word or phrase used in a place of one and may have an unpleasant connotation for some people
ex: in "ah are you digging on my grave" Thomas hardy, there is a euphimisum for death. "passed the Gate / That shuts on all flesh soon or late..." - Realism
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focused on ordinary people facing day to day problems of life; reflected trend toward democracy and growing middle class audience for literature
ex: the widow at windsor rudyard kipling
it's a poem about the problems faced by beggars - Prince Albert
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He was the husband of queen victoria.
He advised her to start the Great of Exhibition of 1851 which was a display of British Power and this caused Rudyard Kipling to warn about the cost of World Dominion. - Jeremy Bentham
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founder of utilitarianism
because of him charlotte bronte and charles dickens wrote jane eyre and hard times to use satire about the utilitarianism. - Charles Darwin
- The Origin of Species was looked at by Victorian thinkers as a direct challenge to traditional beliefs and organized religion. Science and technology were isolating people and creates a detachment between humans and nature -- Dover Beach
- Thomas Robert Malthus
- He didnt care for common people and he talked about how to keep the population down. He influences literature by causing literature to be written in response to his cruelty towards people. Such as the conditions of ireland
- Cardinal John Henry Newman
- The powerful Anglican Minister who converted into Catholicism at a time when Catholics were opressed. Writers wrote about democracy for everyone like Catholics,lower class, and women.
- Pre-Ralphaelite Brotherhood
- Poets rejected industrial life and morality in art, so they wrote about medival art, truth to nature, purity, and the bible.
- Queen Victoria
- She influenced almost everthing in the Victorian Age. She prompted writers to write about her and her policies and put some writers in powerful positions, like alfred, lord tennyson.
- Corn Laws
- They put tarrifs on grain and discouraged food imports and made food expensive for the poor class. It contributed to the potatoe famine of ireland and caused people to write about the famine and the welfare of common people.
- Reform Bills
- stopped the corn laws. and the second one gave more people the right to vote such as the working class, and the third reform act gave even more people the right to vote. this was all caused by people writing to give influence to the common people.
- Chartist Movement
- It influenced the reform bills, and this emphsized the common people. Literature wrote about the common people more often and had to do with realism.
- Great Exhibition of 1851
- Created by Prince Albert and it was a display of British power of the time. It prompted Kipling to warn about the cost of world dominion, as in the Recessional.
- Imperalism
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building an empire
It prompted Rudyard Kipling to write and warn about world dominion, as in the Recissional. - Origin of Species
- Written by Darwin, and prompted modern views on life and rejected the church. This caused people to shift their views about life and creation.
- poor law system
- The poor law was repealed in the early 18o0's and this caused a decline in social welfare. malthus wrote against the poor people and this caused writing to sympathize with the common classes.
- Potato Famine
- Destroyed half of the potato crop in Ireland. It caused writers to write about the CONDITIONS OF IRELAND and BRITISH POLICIES and LOOKED TO ESTABLISH NEW SOLUTIONS
- Utilitarianism
- the belief that statisitcs and logic could be applied to all parts of life caused bronte and dickens to create satires about it.