Sociology Terms Chp 11,12, 14
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- negative attitudes held about members of certain racial or ethnic groups (also sex, disabled, etc.); based on thoughts & feelings (not behaviors)
- prejudice
- the view of things in which one's own group is the center of everything & all others are scaled & rated with reference to it
- ethnocentrism
- group viewed in positive terms
- in-group
- group viewed in negative terms
- out-group
- an exaggerated belief associated with a category; function is to justify our conduct in relation to that category
- stereotype
- learned bias tied to child rearing; rigid adherence to conventional ideas of right & wrong; respect for & submission to authority; follow leaders blindly; hostile attitudes to those that are differnt; scapegoating & projection
- authoritarian personality
- perception that one's condition is worse than that of others, who serve as a basis for comparison; economy ==> frustration
- relative depravation
- ethnocentrism; out-group stereotyping; preferred group status (rights & privileges); perceived threat by group status
- in-group
- linking to variables with little or no relationship; assumptions
- illusory correlation
- the part of the individual's self concept which derives from their knowledge of their membership of a social group together with the value & emotional significance of that membership
- social identity theory
- used to reduce information and ease social interaction; leads to prejudices and stereotypes which leads to biases
- social categorization
- increased contact between groups leads to decrease prejudices
- contact hypothesis
- reflects an outward yielding to group pressure w/o producing changes in person's private beliefs/attitudes
- compliance
- behavioral response to social influence that leads a person to yield to group pressure
- conformity
- 1/3 of subjects conformed to group answer
- Asch conformity study
- do small favors first, bigger favors later; self-perception of willing to help, then can be "used" later on
- foot-in-the-door
- large request(refused) followed by a smaller one (accepted); reciprocation/compromise
- door-in-the-face
-
another name for the method:
large request(refused) followed by a smaller one (accepted); reciprocation/compromise - rejection-then-retreat
- set low standard then retract with different offers; consistency & commitment; car sales tactic
- lowballing
-
legitmiate domination (authority):
having an air about them; ex. Jesus, Hitler - chrismatic
-
legitmiate domination (authority):
merit; police officer - legal-rational
-
legitmiate domination (authority):
based on history; ex. church, parents - traditional
- cultural values influence conformity; collectivist countries are more susceptible to normative social influence
- Bond & Smith conformity study
- behavioral response to command or order
- obedience
- fashion plays a role in assigning status; once trend catched on from upper class --> to lower class then new fashion replaces old one
- Simmel & Veblen's approach to fashion
- collection of people sharing opinions on social issues; influence another group/individual; media plays large role
- public opinion
- intentional attempts to influence mass audiences through spoken, written techniques; ex. gov't in war, ads; rosie the riveter
- propaganda
- drawn to crowds because share similar attitudes, feelings and beliefs
- convergence theory
- perceptions of relative deprivation = frustration= social movements (Ex. French Rev., Civil rights)
- relative depravation theory
- social movements depend on political & economical resources; hostility from society toward social movements; from outside --> in
- resource mobilization theory
-
dimension:
micro, him/her self - locus individual
-
dimension:
macro, beyond individual to society - supra individual
- 2 factors of Aberle's chart
- locus of control, amount of change
-
crowd:
little emotional involvement - casual
-
crowd:
interaction in structured setting - conventional
-
crowd:
assembly with emotional release - expressive
-
crowd:
like assembly with emotional release, but designed toward objective - acting
-
crowd:
deilberatley assembled; contain leadership design to draw public support - protest
- pedestrian observation
- casual crowd
- movie audience
- conventional crowd
- sports game
- expressive crowd
- lynch mob
- acting crowd
- civil rights
- protest crowd