LSCC - SYG 2000 ( Chapter 10 ) - DEVIANCE
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
-
#01 Q
This is the definition of the sociological concept of DEVIANCE -
#01 A
Act(s) that a large or powerful segment of society disapproves of -
#02 Q
This is how sociologists evaluate DEVIANCE -
#02 A
It must be evaluated according to the context in which it occurs -
#03 Q
This is the means through which INDIRECT CONTROL of social behavior is generally accomplished -
#03 A
SOCIALIZATION -
#04 Q
According to classical criminologists, this is the most likely DETERRENT to DEVIANT behavior -
#04 A
the CERTAINTY OF PUNISHMENT -
#05 Q
Gossip and condemnation that is often associated with unwed teenage motherhood is an example of this type of SANCTION -
#05 A
INFORMAL-NEGATIVE SANCTIONS -
#06 Q
This is the group most likely to be victimized by STREET CRIME -
#06 A
Poor, male minority group members -
#07 Q
This is the term that Edwin Sutherland used to refer to illegal acts carried out by "respectable" people in the workplace -
#07 A
"WHITE COLLAR CRIME" -
#08 Q
List three examples of CORPORATE CRIME -
#08 A
Three examples:
1) Multinational bribery
2) Price fixing
3) Suppression of labor union activities -
#09 Q
This is true of crime statistics -
#09 A
Excluding murder and auto theft, only half of all STREET CRIMES are reported to police -
#10 Q
This is the term for what Robert Merton believed to the be cause of DEVIANCE -
#10 A
ANOMIE
[ pronounced: Ah no MEE ] -
#11 Q
This is Robert Merton's term for society's "drop-outs" who reject and withdraw from both the goals of society and the means to attain those goals -
#11 A
RETREATISTS -
#12 Q
This is what Emile Durkheim believed that ANOMIE is often caused by -
#12 A
Rapid social change and social conflict -
#13 Q
This is the name of Edwin Sutherland's theory that states that, like any other behavior, DEVIANCE is learned -
#13 A
DIFFERENTIAL ASSOCIATION THEORY -
#14 Q
List the two sociological perspectives that influenced the LABELING perspective -
#14 A
Both perspectives:
1) Conflict theory
2) Symbolic Interaction theory -
#15 Q
This is the definition of PRIMARY DEVIANCE -
#15 A
DEVIANCE that is related to unique social, cultural, or psychological situations; it is NOT the result of LABELING -
#16 Q
The term used to describe the contention that what is DEVIANT in any society is the consequence of social or political processes -
#16 A
RELATIVISM -
#17 Q
The term that describes the social processes used to minimize DEVIANCE from social norms -
#17 A
SOCIAL CONTROLS
[ Indirect and Direct ] -
#18 Q
This is the one category of STREET CRIME that the F.B.I. does NOT keep or publish statistics about each year -
#18 A
VICTIMLESS CRIMES -
#19 Q
List three arguments that supporters of DECRIMINALIZATION of drugs use to support drug legalization -
#19 A
Three arguments:
1) It would take the profits out of illegal drugs
2) It would eliminate a major reason for gang violence
3) It would remove drug dealers from the market -
#20 Q
This is the definition of SECONDARY DEVIANCE -
#20 A
A type of DEVIANCE that usually becomes part of the offender's SELF-CONCEPT -
#21 Q
List three examples from the text of VICTIMLESS CRIMES -
#21 A
Three examples:
1) Prostitution
2) Illicit drug use
3) Gambling -
#22 Q
This is the definition of VICTIMLESS CRIMES -
#22 A
Illegal acts in which all direct participants are consenting adults; where no person is necessarily "hurt", except, in some cases, the person committing the crime -
#23 Q
This is the definition of the term ANOMIE -
#23 A
A condition of NORMLESSNESS
[ a lack of effective norms governing people's behavior ] -
#24 Q
This is the definition of the LABELING THEORY -
#24 A
Argues that deviance is defined by societal reaction to certain people and THEIR behaviors, and not by the behaviors themselves -
#25 Q
This is the true of DETERRENCE -
#25 A
It is one of the main purposes for having FORMAL NEGATIVE SANCTIONS -
#26 Q
This is another term for STREET CRIME -
#26 A
PREDATORY CRIME -
#27 Q
List two examples of biological theories/explanations of DEVIANCE from the 19th and 20th centuries -
#27 A
1) Atavism/physical abnormalities (Lombroso)
2) "Mesomorphism"/short & stocky (Sheldon)
3) "X-Y-Y Chromosome" theory
4) Phrenology (the bumps on the head, and the shape of the skull) -
#28 Q
This is the definition of a CRIME -
#28 A
Failure to conform to a LAW -
#29 Q
List the two deadliest drugs used in the U.S. -
#29 A
1) Tobacco
(kills >400,000 per year; 1 out of every 5 deaths)
2) Alcohol
(causes +/- 100,000 deaths per year -
#30 Q
This is the approximate number of U.S. residents who die each year from all illegal drug use -
#30 A
22,000
(fewer than one-fourth the number who die from alcohol abuse) -
#31 Q
This is the annual percentage increase in the number of African Americans who were imprisoned during the 1980's (the peak of the "War on Drugs") -
#31 A
190%
(Imprisonment rates of caucasians rose by 81% during the same period) -
#32 Q
During the period of 1980 - 1998, this is how the percentage of federal inmates imprisoned for drug charges changed for African Americans -
#32 A
1980: 25%
1998: 59% -
#33 Q
Between 1986 - 1996, this is the percentage of increase in the number of women who were imprisoned on drug charges -
#33 A
888% increase
(compared to 129% increase for all other offenses) -
#34 Q
List the percentages of the U.S. population who use illegal drugs, according to race (black, hispanic, white) -
#34 A
(in descending order) Blacks: 7.5%
Whites: 6.4%
Hispanics: 5.9% -
#35 Q
This is the percentage that men are more likely to use illegal drugs than women -
#35 A
+/- 200%
(men are nearly twice as likely as women to use illegal drugs) -
#36 Q
This is the definition of SOCIAL CONTROLS -
#36 A
All social processes used to minimize DEVIANCE from social norms