phil exam 2
Terms
undefined, object
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- realist, primary and secondary qualities, blank slate.
- John Locke
- Two source of knowledge, math and knowledge, experience and matters of fact.
- David Hume
- Rejects innate ideas and mataphysics
- David Hume
- To be is to be perceived (esse est percipi)
- Bishop George Berkeley
- We immediately sense secondary qualities (taste, color) which are only present in our experience but not in the world.
- John Locke
- Objects in the world independent of our experience, have primary qualities, which cause the stimulation of secondary qualities.
- John Locke
- Blank Slate (tabula rasa)
- John Locke
- We can only have knowledge based on immediate sensations and we do not have immediate sensations of the self or causation.
- David Hume
- Objects which i personally can not perceive nevertheless exist without my perception, because God is perceiving them. Indeed, gods knowledge of things is equivalent to god actually creating things
- Bishop George Berkeley
- Tried to synthesize empricism and rationalism by claiming that only what is given in experience (kants phenomenon) is knowledge, but that reason (kants transcendental categories) is necessary to make sense of experience.
- Immanuel Kant
- When reason attempts to portray what is incapable of being given in experience (noumenon), it has practical value (such as morality), but it cannot guarantee genuine knowledge.
- Immanuel Kant
- Criticized kant for not taking history seriously.
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
- Reason must be embodied and discovered in the highest expression of spirit (geist), which is human society and its history.
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
- The progression of history is called "dialectic" which proceeds forward in a movement of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis.
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
- Adopted kants phenomenon-noumenon distinction, and identified noumenon with "the will," which is the universal driving force of the cosmos.
- Arthur Schopenhauer
- The will is ineffable and is responsible for all suffering (which is caused by unsatisfied will). The will can be relatively satisfied and its negative effects pacified through the arts, music, which as experiencable but ineffable is the movement of the
- Arthur Schopenhauer
- Adopeted schopenhauers notion of the centrality of will, but instead of a cosmic will, prioritized each individual will.
- Friedrich Nietzsche
- Those who can empower their wills to throw off the oppresive stagnant structures of society (ex. religion and metaphysics,) become superhuman.
- Friedrich Nietzsche
- Critisized Hegel and European society in general for merely thinking about the world without actually living out high ideals such as morality or worship of God. An example of theistic/christian existentialism
- Soren Kierkegaard
- Adopted Kant's philosophy, aiming to preserve the necessity of the truths of math and logic; by isolating (epoche) what appears to us, we attain "essential intuition" to determine the unchanging universal structure of human thought; phenomenologist concer
- Edmund Husserl
- Zuhanden and vorhanded, dasein=being there.
- Martin Heidegger
- Being authentically rooted in soul and community (bodenstandigkeit) is the goal; a phenomenologist concerned with human life.
- MArtin Heidegger
- Adopted Heidegger's mthod of hermeneutics, all of life and thought is a text to be interpreted.
- Hans-georg Gadamer
- predicate is in the subject.
- Analytic apriori (kant)
- sensation, predicate not in subject.
- synthetic apriori (kant)