Psych Terms for Review 1
Terms
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- What is the experimental method?
- Researcher manipulates a variable; experiemental group and control group; random assignment; allows for cause and effect; ethical limitations; can't always generalize
- What is a correlational experiment?
- Using one variable to predict another; NOT cause and effect; use this when there are limitations; flexibility; NO causation
- What is a descriptive study?
- No hypothesis; just gathering data; if you need background information...factual survey
- Define a neuron
- A cell used to receieve and transmit information to the Central Nervous System
- Soma
- Cell body
- Dendrites
- branches, receieve information from neurons/sensory organs
- Axon
- signals sent to other neurons
- Myelin Sheath
- protects axon and transmission of signal; like insulation
- Terminal buttons
- nodule at the end of an axon that connects it to dendrites; connects neuron to neuron
- Synapse
- where terminal button intersects dendrite
- Explain resting potential
- Neurons have a semi-permeable membrane that allows different subtances to pass through (Sodium, Potassium, Chloride (-)) Chloride is trapped inside so the neuron has a neg charge; resting potential means charge inside is negative
- Action potential
- Rapid change in polarity of neuron; the membrane breaks down, letting more ions in; the gates open; ligand-gated channels open and allow sodium to come in...makes charge less negative; voltage gated channels open when charge changes...result: release of neurotransmitters
- Excitatory effects
- (1) block breakdown ability (2) block re-uptake
- Inhibitory effects
- (1) Block receptor sites (2) block release
- Peripheral Nervous system
- network of nerves that connect CNS to rest of the nervous system
- Somatic nervous system
- transmits nerves from sensor organis to CNS, nerves that connect CNS to voluntary muscles
- Autonomic Nervous System
- connects CNS to involuntary muscles and organs (heart and stomach); regulates internal states (HR); sympathetic - fight or flight, gears you up, increases HR...etc
- Medulla
- Part of the brainstem, keeps you alive - circulation, breathing, unconscious actions
- Cerebellum
- Keeps you upright, coordination of movement
- Pons
- Keeps you awake - sleep and arousal
- Basal Ganglia
- Production of voluntary movement (legs when walking); inhibition of unwanted movement
- Thalamus
- Limbic system; sensory relay, all info goes through Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Limbic system; controls autonomic nervous system (BP, HR, body temp, etc)
- Hippocampus
- Limbic system; Learning and memory; helps consolidate new memories and find old ones
- Amygdala
- Limbic system; recognizes dangerous situations and responding; inputs from thalamus; output to hypothalamus (HR rises); fight of flight
- Cerebral Cortex
- thinking part of the brain; producing conscious thought and emotion; feelings, memories, etc
- Left vs. Right side of the brain
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Left: processing language, verbal (controls right side of the body)
Right: visual, spatial - Occipital Lobe/Visual cortex
- Back of the brain; processes vision
- Parietal Lobe
- information about touch
- Temporal lobe and Wenicke's Area
- Wernickes area - comprehension of language (if damaged, cannot create a real sentence, cannot read)
- Frontal lobes
- Motor cortextes - govern initiation of voluntary movement; Broca's area