Blood & Lymph Systems
Terms
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- Germ or Bud
-
Blast/o
-blast (also a suffix) - Color
- Chrom/o
- juice
- chyl/o
- blood
-
hem/o
hemat/o - safe
- immun/o
- clear fluid
- lymph/o
- eat or swallow
- phag/o
- formation
- plas/o
- a net
- reticul/o
- spleen
- splen/o
- clot
- thromb/o
- thymus gland
- thym/o
- What is the function of blood?
- Transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to body cells and to carry away wastes.
- What is the liquid portion of blood called?
- Plasma
- What are the cellular components suspended in the plasma?
- Erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets
- What is the name of the portion of plasma that remains after the clotting process?
- Serum
- liquid portion of the blood and lymph containing water, proteins, salts, nutrients, hormones, vitamins, and cellular components.
- plasma
- a red blood cell that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide within the blood stream
- erythrocyte
- protein-iron compound contained in the erythrocyte that has bonding capabilities for the transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
- hemoglobin
- white blood cell that protects the body from invasion of harmful substances
- leukocyte
- thrombocytes; cell fragments in the blood essential for blood clotting
- platelets
- What is the lymphatic system consist of?
- An intricate network of capillaries, vessels, valves, ducts, nodes and organs.
- What is a function of the lymphatic system?
- 1. It protects the body by filtering microorganisms and foreign particles from the lymph and supporting the activites of the lymphocytes in the immune system.
- What is another function of the lymphatic system?
- It also serves to maintain the body's internal fluid environment by acting as an intermedicary between the blood in the capillaries and tissue cells.
- What is the final function of the lymphatic system?
- It is responsible for carrying fats away from the digestive organs.
- primary gland of the lymphatic system that produces T lymphocytes (T cells)
- thymus
- filters out aging blood cells, removes cellular debris by performing phagocytosis, and provides the environment for the initiation of immune responses by lymphocytes.
- spleen
- fluid originating in the organs and tissues of the body that is circulated through the lymph vessels
- lymph
- microscopic vessels that draw lymph from the tissues to the lymph vessels
- lymph capillaries
- vessels that receive lymph from the lymph capillaries and circulate it to the lymph nodes
- lymph vessels
- many small oval structures that filter the lymph received from the lymph vessels-major locations inc. cervical region, axillary region, and inguinal region
- lymph nodes
- collection channels that carry lymph from the lymph nodes to the veins
- lymph ducts
- process of disease protection induced by exposure to an antigen
- immunity
- a substance that, when introduced into the body, causes formation of antibodies against it
- antigen
- substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered the body
- antibody
- an immunity that protects the body against a future infection, as the result of antibodies that develop naturally after contracting an infection or artificially after administration of a vaccine
- active immunity
- an immunity resulting from antibodies that are conveyed naturally through the placenta to a fetus or artificially by injection of a serum containing antibodies
- passive immunity
- presence of red blood cells of unequal size (aniso = unequal)
- anisocytosis
- an abnormally reduced number of all cellular components in the blood
- pancytopenia
- an abnormally reduced number of red blood cells
- erythropenia
- breakdown of the red blood cell membrane
- hemolysis
- impaired immunologic defenses caused by and immunodeficience disorder or therapy with immunosupperssive agents
- immunocompromised
- impaired ability to provide an immune response
- immunosuppression
- presence of enlarged lymph nodes
- lymphadenopathy
- an abnormally reduced number of lymphocytes
- lymphocytopenia
- presence of large red blood cells
- macrocytosis
- presence of small red blood cells
- microcytosis
- a decrease in the number of neutrophils
- neutropenia
- presence of large, irregularly shaped red blood cells (poikilo=irregular)
- poikilocytosis
- an increase of immature erthrocytes in the blood
- reticulocytosis
- enlargement of the spleen
- splenomegaly
- a syndrome caused by the human imunnodeficiency virus (HIV) that renders immune cells ineffective, permitting opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurologic diseases to develop; it is a s.t.d. or through exposure to contaminated blood
- acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
- a condition in which there is a reduction in the number of red blood cells, the amount of hemoglobin, or the volume of packed red cells in the blood, resulting in a diminished ability of the red blood cells to transport oxygen to the tissues
- anemia
- a microcytic-gypochromic type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron, affecting production of hemoglobin and small red blood cells containing low amounts of hemoglobin
- iron deficiency anemia
- a disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with an Rh positive blood factor and a mother who is Rh negative, causing red blood cell destruction in the fetus; necessitates a blood transfusion to save the fetus
- erythroblastosis fetalis
- presence, or lack, of antigens on the surface of red blood cells that may cause a reaction between the blood of the mother and fetus, resulting in fetal anemia
- Rh factor
- presence of antigens
- Rh positive
- absence of antigens
- Rh negative
- chronic or acute malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, marked by abnormal leukocytes in the blood and bone marrow; classified according to the types of white cells affected, e.g. myelocytic, hymphocytic, etc.
- leukemia
- disorder within the bone marrow characterized by the proliferation of abnormal stem cells (cells that give rise to the different types of blood cells); usually develops into a specific type of leukemia
- myelodysplasia
- any neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue, usually malignant, as in Hodgkins's disease
- lymphoma
- process by which cancer cells are spread by blood or lymph circulation to distant organs
- metastasis
- viral condition characterized by an increase in the mononuclear cells in the blood along with enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue, and sore throat
- mononucleosis
- increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood
- polycythemia
- systemic disease caused by the infection of microorganisms and their toxins in the circulating blood
- septicemia
- bleeding disorder characterized by an abnormal decrease in the number of platelets in the blood that impairs the clotting process
- thrombocytopenia
- incision into or puncture of a vein to withdraw blood for testing
-
phlebotomy
venipuncture - test of fluid portion of blood to measure the presence of a chemical constituent (e.g. glucose, cholesterol, etc.)
- blood chemistry
- battery of automated blood chemistry tests performed on a single sample of blood; used as a general screen for disease or to target specific organs such as a heart profile, thyroid panel, etc.
-
biochemistry panel (BCP)
chem profile - trade name of the instrument first used to perform automated blood chemistry testing; the abbreviation is sometimes used to identify a chemistry panel
- sequential multiple analyzer (SMA)
- test to determine infection in the bloodstream by isolating a specimen of blood in an environment that encourages growth of microorganisms; the specimen is observed and the organisms that grow in the culture are identified
- blood culture
- timed test to measure the rate at which red blood cells settle or fall through a given volume of plasma. Determines amount of infection.
- erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
- test to determine coagulation defects such as platelet disorders
- partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
- substance present in tissues, platelets, and leukocytes that is necessary for coagulation
- thromboplastin
- test to measure activity of prothrombin in the blood
- prothrombin time (PT)
- protein substance in the blood that is essential to the clotting process
- prothrombin
- one of the most common laboratory blood tests performed as a screen of general health or for diagnostic purposes
- complete blood count (CBC)
- a count of the number of white blood cells per cubic millimeter obtained by manual or automated laboratory methods.
- white blood count (WBC)
- a count of the number of red blood cells per cubic millimeter obtained by manual or automated laboratory methods
- red blood count (RBC)
- a test to determine the blood level of hemoglobin (expressed in grams)
- hemoglobin (HGB or Hgb)
- a measurement of the percentage of packed red blood cells in a given volume of blood
- hematocrit (HCT or Hct)
- calculations of RBC, HCB, and HCT results to determine the average size, hemoglobin concentration, and content of red blood cells for classification of anemia
- blood indices
-
calculation of the volume of individual cells in cubic microns using HCT and RBC results:
MCV = HCT/RBC - mean corpuscular (cell) volume (MCV)
-
calculation of the average hemoglobin concentration in each red blood cell using HGB and HCT results:
MCHC = HGB/HCT - mean corpuscular (cell) hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
- determination of the number of each type of white blood cell (leukocyte) seen on a stained blood smear; each type is counted and reported as a percentage of the total examined
- differential count
- as part of identifying and counting the WBCs, the condition of the size and shape of the red blood cells in the background of the smeared slide is noted
- red cell morphology
- calculation of the number of thrombocytes in the blood: normal range 150,000 - 450,000/cubic millimeters
- platelet count (PLT)
- needle aspiration of bone marrow tissue for pathological examination
- bone marrow aspiration
- removal of lymph node
- lymphadenectomy
- incision into a lymph node
- lymphadenotomy
- removal of possible cancer-carrying lymph nodes for pathological examination
- lymph node dissection
- removal of the spleen
- splenectomy
- removal of the thymus gland
- thymectomy
- a drug that prevents clotting of the blood
- anticoagulant
- a drug that stops the flow of blood within the vessels
- hemostatic
- a drug that causes a narrowing of blood vessels, decreasing blood flow
- vasoconstrictor
- a drug that causes dilation of blood vessels, increasing blood flow
- vasodilator