NAVEDTRA 14295 Chapter 1 - Anatomy and Physiology
Terms
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- What is the study of body structures and the relation of one part to another?
- Anatomy
- What is the study of the process and functions of the body tissues and organs?
- Physiology
- What is the study of the body from a fertilized egg, or ovum?
- Embryology
- This plane passes through the sagittal suture of the cranium; any plane parallel to it is called what?
- Sagittal plane
- What plane is drawn perpendicular to the sagittal lines and divide the body into right and left halves on its vertical axis?
- Frontal plane
- It divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) sections.
- Horizontal/Transverse
- What standard body position should you use to aid in understanding the location of the anatomical structure as a point of referrence?
- Anatomical position
- What anatomical term should you use when you are refering to the front, or ventral side of the body?
- Anterior/Ventral
- It involves the physical and chemical breakdown of the food we eat into its simplest forms.
- Digestion
- It is the process of absorption, storage and use of foods for body growth, maintenance, and repair.
- Metabolism
- The smallest unit of life; It is the basic structural unit of all living things and a functional unit all by itself.
- Cell
- A jelly-like substance upon which depend all the vital functions of nutrition, secretion, growth, circulation, reproduction, excitability, and movement.
- Protoplasm
- A typical cell is made up of what?
- the plasma membrane, the nucleus, and cytoplasm
- Gases and solids that pass through the plasma membrane by a process known as what?
- Diffusion
- Every human cells contains how many chromosomes?
- 46
- It is the gelatineous substance surrounding the nucleus and is contained by the plasma membrane.
- Cytoplasm
- The lining tissue of the body is called what?
- Epithelial
- Epithelial cells of this type is elongated, long than they are wide.
- Columnar Epithelial Tissue
- It is a type of epithelial tissue composed of thin platelike or scalelike cells forming a mosaic pattern.
- Squamous Epithelial Tissue
- What is the name of the single cell of the amoeba (which is unicellular animal)?
- A simple or diffirentiated cell.
- What is the role of specialized cells?
- They perform special functions, such as muscle, which contracts, or epithelial cells of the skin, which protects.
- What are specialized cells similar in structure and function?
- Tissues
- What are the main groups of tissues?
- Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous
- What is indicated by the anatomical term "proximal"?
- Nearer to the point of origin or closer to the body
- What is indicated by the anatomical term "distal?"
- Away from the point of origin or away from the body
- What is indicated by the anatomical term "supine?"
- Lying position of the body, face up
- What is indicated by the anatomical term "lateral recumbent?"
- Lying position of the body on either side
- What is indicated by the anatomicla term "peripheral?"
- The outward part or sirface of the structure
- What is indicated by the anatomical term "superior?"
- Higher than or above
- What is indicated by the anatomical term "cranial?"
- Toward the head
- What is indicated by the anatomical term "caudal?"
- Toward the lower end of the body
- What is indicated by the anatomical term "inferior?"
- Lower than or below
- What is the anatomical position?
- When the body stands erect with the arms hanging at the sides and the palms of the hands turned forward.
- What is indicated by the anatomical term "posterior" or "dorsal?"
- Toward the back side of the body
- What is indicated by the anatomical term "medial?"
- Near or toward the midline of the body
- What is indicated by the anatomical term "lateral?"
- Farther away from the midline of the body