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NAVEDTRA 14295 Chapter 1 - Anatomy and Physiology

Terms

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What is the study of body structures and the relation of one part to another?
Anatomy
What is the study of the process and functions of the body tissues and organs?
Physiology
What is the study of the body from a fertilized egg, or ovum?
Embryology
This plane passes through the sagittal suture of the cranium; any plane parallel to it is called what?
Sagittal plane
What plane is drawn perpendicular to the sagittal lines and divide the body into right and left halves on its vertical axis?
Frontal plane
It divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) sections.
Horizontal/Transverse
What standard body position should you use to aid in understanding the location of the anatomical structure as a point of referrence?
Anatomical position
What anatomical term should you use when you are refering to the front, or ventral side of the body?
Anterior/Ventral
It involves the physical and chemical breakdown of the food we eat into its simplest forms.
Digestion
It is the process of absorption, storage and use of foods for body growth, maintenance, and repair.
Metabolism
The smallest unit of life; It is the basic structural unit of all living things and a functional unit all by itself.
Cell
A jelly-like substance upon which depend all the vital functions of nutrition, secretion, growth, circulation, reproduction, excitability, and movement.
Protoplasm
A typical cell is made up of what?
the plasma membrane, the nucleus, and cytoplasm
Gases and solids that pass through the plasma membrane by a process known as what?
Diffusion
Every human cells contains how many chromosomes?
46
It is the gelatineous substance surrounding the nucleus and is contained by the plasma membrane.
Cytoplasm
The lining tissue of the body is called what?
Epithelial
Epithelial cells of this type is elongated, long than they are wide.
Columnar Epithelial Tissue
It is a type of epithelial tissue composed of thin platelike or scalelike cells forming a mosaic pattern.
Squamous Epithelial Tissue
What is the name of the single cell of the amoeba (which is unicellular animal)?
A simple or diffirentiated cell.
What is the role of specialized cells?
They perform special functions, such as muscle, which contracts, or epithelial cells of the skin, which protects.
What are specialized cells similar in structure and function?
Tissues
What are the main groups of tissues?
Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous
What is indicated by the anatomical term "proximal"?
Nearer to the point of origin or closer to the body
What is indicated by the anatomical term "distal?"
Away from the point of origin or away from the body
What is indicated by the anatomical term "supine?"
Lying position of the body, face up
What is indicated by the anatomical term "lateral recumbent?"
Lying position of the body on either side
What is indicated by the anatomicla term "peripheral?"
The outward part or sirface of the structure
What is indicated by the anatomical term "superior?"
Higher than or above
What is indicated by the anatomical term "cranial?"
Toward the head
What is indicated by the anatomical term "caudal?"
Toward the lower end of the body
What is indicated by the anatomical term "inferior?"
Lower than or below
What is the anatomical position?
When the body stands erect with the arms hanging at the sides and the palms of the hands turned forward.
What is indicated by the anatomical term "posterior" or "dorsal?"
Toward the back side of the body
What is indicated by the anatomical term "medial?"
Near or toward the midline of the body
What is indicated by the anatomical term "lateral?"
Farther away from the midline of the body

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