Music Exam 2
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Theme and variation
- form consisting of a tune (theme) plus number of variations on it
- Rondo
- musical form consisting of one main theme or tune alternating with other themes or sections (ABACA, ABACABA)
- Idée fixe
- a fixed idea/obsession; the term used by Berlioz for recurring theme used in all movements of one of his program symphonies
- Through-composed
- a song with new music for each stanza of the poem
- Rounded binary form
- form used as module to create larger composition, used in minuet and trio; ABA^1
- Sonata form
- a form developed by the Classical composers and used in almost all the first movements of their symphonies, sonatas, etc.
- Clara Schumann
- married Robert Schumann whom she outlived by 40 years; father was an ambitious music teacher; first public concert at nine; first recital at 12
- Ludwig van Beethoven
- deaf from 1816 on; born in Bonn to an alcoholic father; court organist at 11; moved to Vienna where the support of several wealthy patrons and arrangement of a generous lifetime annuity allowed him to live comfortably; known for eccentric sketch books and conversation books left behind
- Franz Liszt
- Hungarian born child prodigy; age 12 finished study; mainly played own compositions; influenced greatly by Paganini; friend of Chopin and Beethoven
- Character piece
- short Romantic piano piece that portrays a particular mood
- Sketchbook
- How we saw how Beethoven solved symphonies or put together thoughts
- Nicolo Paganini
- virtuoso violinist with extremely long and flexible fingers
- Classicism
- balance restraint universal expression; 2nd half of 18th century
- Schubertiad
- concert for Franz Schubert in the home of one of his friends with mixed company
- Symphonic poem
- piece of orchestral program music in one long movement
- Strophic
- a song in several stanzas, with the same music sung for each stanza
- Absolute music
- instrumental music with no literary association
- Modest Musorgsky
- alcoholic composer of Russian nationalism; attempted writing opera without harmony or composition training
- Frédéric Chopin
- hated concert routine and life of virtuoso; friend of Liszt; performed in Salons; 1831 on lived in Paris
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- child prodigy; first symphony at 8; musician in the court of Salzburg never succeeded in getting a good court position in Vienna; died while finishing Requiem Mass
- Bel canto
- style of singing that brings out the sensuous beauty of the voice
- Teleological form
- apparent in Beethoven; 4 note motive; no break between 3rd and 4th movements; new instrumental introduced in final climactic movement
- Romanticism
- fantasy imagination unspoiled untamed nature personal; 19th century
- Program music
- piece of instrumental music associated with a story or other extramusical idea
- Nationalism
- 19th century movement promoting music built of national folk songs and dances or associated with national subjects
- Minuet and trio
- usually third movement, dance in triple meter usually in rounded binary form
- Conversation book
- How Beethoven communicated and how we know much about his conversations
- Heiligenstadt Testament
- almost suicidal letter from Beethoven to his brother admitting that time in the country had not improved his hearing and that he was going deaf
- Nocturne
- "night piece"; title for Romantic "miniature" compositions on piano
- Bedrich Smetana
- one of the first to write Czech opera; Ma Vlast
- Boris Godunov
- opera libretto by Musorgsky based on Pushkin play
- New World Symphony
- Antonin Dorak nationistic symphony challenging Americans
- Ma Vlast/The Modau
- symphonic poems by Bedrich Smetana of behemian life and legen
- Fantastic Symphony
- by Hector Berlioz; longing for Harriet Smithson led Berlioz to create this symphony reflecting the changes in the beloved (idée fixe)
- Antonin Dvorak
- played under Smetana's direction; director of national conservatory in New York; Symphony No. 9 "From the New World"
- Lied/Lider/Song cycle
- German for "song"; genre of Romantic songs with piano
- Harriet Smithson
- played role of Ophelia; was Berlioz love interest
- Franz Schubert
- born and died in Vienna; not public figure and had two natures "pressed heavenward" and "bathed in slime"; had close circle of male friends with codewords; poor
- Robert Schumann
- trained with Clara Schumann's father; fell in love with his daughter which he married and wrote love songs for; Year of Song (1840); famous for character pieces; music critic; was committed to an asylum
- Pictures at an Exhibition
- alternation between promenades and themes; 1st promenade in odd meters/Russian folk song; 2nd changing dynamics violent—russian folk art nutcracker/gnome/havoc
- Binary form
- a musical form having two different sections; AB form
- Hector Berlioz
- music critic librarian and conductor; admired by german critics (liszt); mocked for monumental music; program music
- Dies rae
- "day of wrath"; section of the Requiem Mass