GA 08.22.06
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- The ___ rib attaches to the sternal angle
- 2nd
- The costodiaphragmatic recess is the most inferior part of pleural sac & references TWO parts of parietal pleura, ______ & _____.
- Costal & diaphragmatic
- The fibrous covering of the pericardium is also called the _________.
- fibrous pericardium
- If you introduce air into the pleural sac, _____ will occur. This is also called ________a lung.
-
compression of the lung--turns into the size of closed fist.
Dropping - The point at which one part of the parietal pleura turns abruptly towards another direction as it covers another part of wall of pulm. cavity is called __________.
- pleural reflection
-
The ____ (cervical portion of parietal pleura) covers the ___ of the lung.
The apex lies _cm superior to medial 1/3rd of clavicle. -
CUPOLA,
APEX,
3cm - Between ribs __ -__, the pleural cavities are closer to eachother anteriorly. This means that _________ could spread.
-
2-4;
pleurisy (inflamation of the pleura)...given contiguous nature of the two pleural sacs - The cardiac notch of the pleura is located at the __ costal cartilage.
- 4th, between ribs 4 & 6
-
The ___________ angle represents an area where the pleura dips inferior to ribs.
What is the clinical significance of this? -
RIGHT infrasternal;
surgically entering r. infrasternal angle can cut pleura (it sometimes extends inferior to r. costal margin) and introduce blood, bacteria, etc into pl. sac. - If a line is dropped at mid-clavicular line, the level of rib __ you will find the pleura.
- 8
- At the mid-axillary line, the border of the pleural cavity lies at rib ___, and the lung lies __ intercostal spaces superior.
-
10;
2 (at rib 8) - The mid-axillary line is a common space to access pleura for a ______________. Between ribs __-__ is a great place to do it. This area is also the _____________.
-
thoracocentesis;
8-9;
costodiaphragmatic recess - Posteriorly, the pleural border is at rib ___ at the scapular line.
- 12
- Posteriorly, the lung's (inferior border) lies ______.
- 2 intercostal spaces above 12th rib (around 10th rib)
- At the ___________ angles a surgeon might also puncture the pleural cavity because the pleura could dip below rib cage.
-
costovertebral angles
(important whe operating on kidneys or other structure near pleura) - The 3 spaces that the pleura can dip below the rib cage are____, ____, & ___.
-
left and right costovertebral angles (posterior),
right infrasternal angle (anterior) - The horizontal fissure (on ___ lung), lies at level of rib ___ anteriorly.
-
(RIGHT);
4 (lies deep to 4th costal cartilage) - The oblique fissure lies anterorryl ath the level of the ____ costal-chondral junction.
- 6th
- The location of the cardiac notch is clinically important because _______.
- one can perform pericardiocentesis of pericardial sac without going through pleura (due to the notch)
- The terminal thoracic (part of internal thoracic) artery terminates in the musculophrenic a. It also gives rise to _______.
- superior epigastric a. (more important of the branches)
- THe ____ fissure diveds the upper and lower lobes.
- OBLIQUE (major)
- The ______ fissure (on right lung) divides the superior lobe into the superior lobe proper and the _____ lobe.
-
HORIZONTAL (minor);
middle lobe - THe _____ prevent the trachea from collapsing. There are ________ of these.
-
cartilaginous rings;
18-20 -
Primary bronchi are also known as ___________.
Secondary bronchi are also known as ___________. -
main bronchi;
lobar bronchi (b/c they go into each lobe) - An important point is that the cartilaginous rings of the trachea do not close posteriorly. WHy is this clinically significant?
-
If you are intubating and pass through smooth muscle of posterior portion of trachea, you can punture esophagus and introduce air into stomach.
Vice-versa with gastric tube entering trachea. - The angle between the parts of the main bronchi is the ______. It is important because it indicates ________.
-
carina;
biforcation - Inferior to the carina, the _________ almost completely disappears.
- cough reflex fibers
- _______ can cause enlargement or deviation of the carina.
- Cancer forming a blockage of the right main bronchus