Intro to Geology Ch 1
Quiz on Notes from 01-15 on Chapter 1
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Plate Tectonics
- Motion and interaction of rigid, interlocking plate-like segments of Earth.
- Primary Energy Source
- Sun.
- Convergent
- Two plates collide and one is forced down under the other into the mantle where it is "recycled."This causes quakes and violent volcanic activity.Deep ocean trenches mark where one plate slips under the other.Volcanic island arcs and continental volcanic arcs form next to them.When two continental plates collide, a great mountain range is formed.
- Deserts
- Very dry climate region.
- Dynamic equilibrium
- changing balance
- Metamorphic
- formed when rocks recrystallize without melting, due to heat and pressure deep underground.
- Core
- Molten outer core, and solid inner core. Iron and nickel composition.
- Continental Slopes (below sea level)
- Steeper slope that connects shallow sea to deep sea.
- Igneous
- formed when melted rock (magma) cools and solidifies.
- Theory
- A hypothesis that has tested true.
- Geology
- Scientific study of the earth and its major systems.
- Geosphere
- From the Earth's surface to its center.
- Physical Geology
- Study of the Earth's composition, structure, and the processes that shape it.
- Crust
- Outermost and thinnest part of Earth. Two types exist.
- Geologic Time
- Vast spans of time ranging from thousands to billions of years.
- Recycled Materials
- the substance of any rock has existed as other rocks in the past.
- Stream
- Any flowing body of water that is confined to a channel.
- Scientific Law
- A theory repeatedly tested over many years and never disproved.
- Continental
- Thicker, variable thickness, and granitic average composition.
- Deep Ocean Trenches
- Trough-like depressions that are the deepest parts of the oceans.
- Primary Water Source
- Oceans.
- Plateaus
- Flat upland region.
- The Rock Cycle
- Continual transformation of rocks from one type to another.
- Lithosphere
- Crust + uppermost mantle joined as a single rigid unit. This is what "plates" are made of.
- Abyssal Plains
- Flat parts of deep ocean.
- Sedimentary
- formed when rocks weather and erode into sediment that becomes new rock.
- Scientific Method
- A systematic, logical way of studying how nature works.
- Oceanic
- Thinner, more uniform in thickness, and basaltic composition.
- Hydrosphere
- All of Earth's water.
- Oceanic Ridges
- Undersea mountain range extending through all the oceans.
- Plate interaction causes
- deformation (bending and breaking).
- Transform
- Two plates are sliding past one another along a transform fault.There is neither creation nor destruction of lithosphere.Quakes and deformation occur.Features on opposite sides of the boundary are offset.
- Continental Shelves (below sea level)
- Shallow sea.
- Transform Faults
- Fractures that cut across a ridge at 90° shifting it right or left.
- Divergent plate boundary
- Two plates pull apart and move away from one another.As they diverge, magma intrudes into cracks and forms new lithosphere.Almost all occur along the central part (axis) of oceanic ridges.Earthquakes and volcanic activity occur here.
- Basins
- Flat lowland region.
- Atmosphere
- Gaseous envelope surrounding Earth.
- Mantle
- Most of Earth's volume and mass. Denser rock than crust.
- The principle of uniformitarianism
- Most of Earth's features can be explained by observable processes acting over geologic time spans according to natural laws.
- The Hydrologic Cycle
- Continuous transfer of water from one repository to another.
- Historical Geology
- Study of Earth's history and history of life.
- Asthenosphere
- Highly deformable (plastic) upper mantle.Allows plates to move.
- Hypothesis
- An attempt to explain the data.
- Plains
- Flat, gently slope away from mountains.
- Volcanic Island Arcs
- Curving chains of volcanic islands that are next to a trench.