Anatomy 10/3/06
Terms
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- Myofilament orientation
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-thin and thick fibers alternate
-all fibers run parallel to each other - Myofilament orientation (m-line/protein)
- -holds thick filaments together
- Myofilament orientation (Z-disk/protein)
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-anchors thin filaments
-attaches titin to thick filaments - Myofilament orientation (sarcomere)
-
-distance b/t z-disks
-recreating units - Myofilament orientation (H-zone/protein)
- -individual thick filaments
- Myofilament orientation (A-band/protein)
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-length of thick filaments
-thick and thin individual filaments - Myofilament orientation (I-band/protein)
- -individual thick filaments and titin proteins
- Myofilament orientation (Titin)
-
-"coiled string"
-made of elastic protein
-lets sarcomere return to relaxed state after stretching - symnaptic cleft
- -space maintained by connective tissue of ermysium
- Myofilament orientation (order and cross-sectional view)
-
1. H-zone- hexagonal pattern
2. M-line- hexagonal pattern held together
3. A-band- hexagonal pattern each surrounded by 6 dots (thin filaments)
4. I-Band- titin surrounded by thin filaments
5. Z-disk- titin surrounded z-protein - Sliding filament theory
- -thick and thin filament fibers slide past each other to make myfibrials shorter
- Neuromuscular junction (synaptic knob)
- -point of interaction b/t an axon and a muscle fiber
- Neuromuscular junction (synaptic vessicles)
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-made in synaptic knobs
-impulse casues vessicles to release neurotransmitters (acetylcholine) - Neuromuscular junction (neurotransmitters/acetylcholine)
-
-released in synaptic cleft
-flow to receptors on muscle surface
-most abundant molecule
-made in ER
-nerve--->golgi for packaging in synaptic vessicles and dumped into cleft - Impulse thru transverse tubes/muscle contraction (head hooking)
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-Cu+-->sarcoplasm and bind w/ troponin to chnage its shape.
-pulls tropomyosin off of the active sites of the actin
-active actin sites attract myosin heads
-when heads bend, actin moves to left and overlaps
-then unhooks and repeats - Impulse thru transverse tubes/muscle contraction
-
-thin filament being pulled by 3 thick
-atp caused myosin head to unhook
-calcium returns to cistern - Neuromuscular junction (Esterase)
-
-comes from synaptic cleft
-enzyme that denatures a transmitter - neurotransmitter reuptake
- -when there is no enzyme to nature the neurotransmitter, it is reabsorbed
- muscle cramp
- -prolonged contraction
- Motor unit
-
-a single motor neuron plus all muscle fibers it services
-as few as 10 muscle fibers
-as much as 500-1000+ muscle fibers - Masseter
- -strongest muscle in the body
- Carpal tunnel
- -sapce where tendons that move fingers pass through
- carpal tunnel syndrome
-
-calcium reduces space
-median nerve is squeezed
-sensitivity, pain, and weakness in fingers - Groin pulls
-
-involves adductor longus and Illiopsoas
-happens during excessivly fast take off and lateral movement of muscle - hamstring pulls
-
-semimembranous involved
-semitendinosis involved
-biceps femorus involved - Central Nervous System
- -brain cord and spinal cord
- Peripheral Nervous System
- -cranial and spinal nerves
- Sensory (afferent) system
- -transmits info from periphery to CNS
- Sensory (afferent) system (somatic sensory)
- -receives sensory info from skin, joints, skeletal muscles, and special senses
- Sensory (afferent) system (visceral sensory)
- -receives sensory info from viscera
- Motor (efferent) division
- -transmits info from CNS to body
- Motor (efferent) division (somatic motor)
- -voluntary movement of muscle
- Motor (efferent) division (autonomic motor)
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-involuntary movement of muscles
-heart, digestive system - Dendrites
- -receive impulses from other neurons
- Axon
- -long sheath that carries current
- cell body
- -main part of cell with nucleus
- Direction of impulses
- Dendrites--->Cell body---> Axon
- Myelin sheath
-
keeps impulses traveling down the axon and not into neighboring tissues
-myelin made of lipids - Sensory neuron
-
-take info from body to CNS
-dendrite in tiny space of body - Motor Neuron
-
-many dendrites
-CNS to body - input neuron
-
-many dendrites
-within CNS
-connects sensory to motor - Unipolar neuron
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-normal sensory neuron
-takes info to CNS - Bipolar neuron
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-found in back of eye and inner ear
-dendrites about as long as axon - multipolar neuron
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-motor neurons
-more dendrites