Ch. 18
Terms
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- D'Holbach
- French Author, born in Germany, outspoken atheist, System of Nature
- Deism
- God makes us and leaves us alone
- Mozart
- Child prodigy, Marriage of Figaro, 600 musical compositions
- Howard
- Prison reformer
- Volta
- Battery and volts
- Rosseau
- Social Contract and general will
- Aristotle
- Student of Plato, influenced much of Western thought until enlightenment
- Swift
- Gulliver's Travels, Irish satirist and poet
- Silesia
- Taken over by Frederick II after War of Austrian Succession
- Kepler
- Three laws of of planetary motion
- Fontenelle
- French Author, Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds
- Copernicus
- Set forth heliocentric theory
- Geocentric Theory
- Earth is center
- Descartes
- "I think therefore I am", dualism, cartesian principles
- Philosophes
- French for philosophers, great thinkers
- Leopold II
- Brother to Joseph II, undid much of his work
- Gresham College
- English college devoted to sciences, gave them merit
- War of Austrian Succesion
- War following the rise to power of Maria Theresa, instigated by Prussia
- Racine
- French playwright, mostly tragedies
- Locke
- "Social Contract" and tabula rasa, Second Treatise on Civil Government
- Napier
- logarithms
- Geoffrin
- Madame who hosted one of the most popular salons
- Huygens
- Pendulum Clock, Dutch
- Franklin
- Stove and bifocals
- Salons
- Where philosophes discussed ideas
- Haydn
- Austrian, chamber music and symphonies
- Richardson
- English, Pamela
- Handel
- German composer and organist, wrote Messiah
- Vesalius
- Flemish anatomist, studied human body illegally
- Harvey
- Circulation of blood
- Neoclassicism
- Revival of Greek/Roman art style
- Guericke
- Built air pump, German
- Fielding
- Wrote Tom Jones, English novelist/satirist
- Newton
- Principia Mathematica
- Beethoven
- German composer who composed despite being deaf
- Hume
- Scottish reformer, rejected possibility of certainty, A Treatise of Human Nature and History of England
- Boyle
- Described an element, wrote "The sceptical Chymist"
- Torricelli
- Invented mercury barometer to measure pressure
- Celsius
- Swedish Astronomer, invented standard metric temperature measurment
- D'Alembert
- French philosopher and mathematician, co-edited encylcopedia
- Bach
- German, composer, based on religion
- Cavendish
- English chemist and physicist, proved water to not be an element
- Janssen
- Dutch, invented compound microscope
- Priestly
- English, identified carbon monoxide and "dephlogisticated air"
- Seven Years War
- War where Austria, Russia and others joined forces to attack Prussia, who was saved by Peter III's rise to power
- Diderot
- French Philosopher, in charge of Encylopedia
- Leeuwenhoek
- Discovered bacteria
- Cartesian Dualism
- Mind and matter
- Montaigne
- Essays
- Heliocentric Theory
- Sun is center
- Maria Theresa
- Daughter of Charles VI and Queen of Austria
- Bayle
- French-protestant, wrote Dictionnaire historique et critique, promoted toleration
- Royal Society of London
- Headed by Bacon, talked about neutral issues of science
- Montesquieu
- The Spirit of the Law, French, The Persian Letters
- Rococo
- Feminine art style, "softer themes"
- Hobbes
- People go insane without order and government, Leviathan
- Gibbon
- The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
- Ptolemy
- Geocentric theory
- Defoe
- English novelist, wrote Robinson Crusoe, and A Journal of the Plague Years
- Smith
- Wealth of Nations, Scottish economist
- Paracelsus
- joined chemistry with medicine, "Father of Toxicology"
- Moliere
- French playwright
- Bacon
- English Statesman, scientific method
- Brahe
- Danish astronomer, gathered lots of data
- Galileo
- Italian, looked at moon and more moons
- Lavoisier
- French, renamed oxygen, "Father of Modern Chemistry"
- Fahrenheit
- 212 and 32 are important to him
- Kant
- German, Critique of Pure Reason, countered Hume, affirms existence of absolute moral law