A&P 101 Final

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Final questions for A&P 101

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coenzymes: Vitamin derivatives that facilitate metabolic reaction chains are _________.
gross anatomy: The study of structures that can be observed without magnification is called _____________.
brachialis: The synergist of the biceps brachii is the _______.
secretin: The duodenal hormone________ stimulates the liver and pancreas to secrete bicarbonate.
fast and slow block: ____________ are the processes that prevents too many sperm from fertilizing one egg.
adipocytes: The scientific term for fat cells is ______.
endometrium: The ________, a layer of the uterus, partially composes the menstrual fluid.
serous: Glands that produce thin, watery secretions are called _____________ glands.
exocytosis: The merocrine method uses __________ to secrete its product.
retinaculum: The ____ is the connective tissue band that holds down tendons at the wrist or ankle.
micelles: Emulsified lipid droplets in the small intestine are scientifically termed ________.
lacteal: Dietary lipids are taken up by a lymphatic capillary called the ____ in each villus of the small intestine.
selection pressure: _____________ is a force of nature that affects the evolution of the structural and functional characteristics of a species.
mitotic spindle: A structure involved in cytokinesis that is made of microtubules is the __________.
cation: Positively charged ion is called a(n) ________.
prostate: About 30% of the semen is produced by the ______ , a medial gland that encloses part of the urethra.
osteogenic cells: ____ are the forerunners of osteocytes.
alveolus: A tooth socket would be found in the ______ of the mandible and maxilla.
glycogenolysis: When stored glycogen is needed for energy, it is hydrolyzed to glucose through a process called ______.
occipital condyles: Two knoblike processes of the skull, called the ______ , articulate with the spinal column.
syndesmosis: Two long bones joined by a broad interosseous membrane form a type of joint called a(n)_____.
apoptosis: _____________is a process in which cells destroy non—functional organelles.
osteoblasts: Cells called ______ deposit matrix at the surface of a bone.
terminal hair: Hair of the eyebrows is an example of _______.
acromion: The apex of the shoulder is called the _________.
vagus: Nerve signals in the long reflexes of the digestive tract travel from the ______ nerve.
electron donor: ____ becomes oxidized in a redox reaction.
free radicle: A(n) ________ is a highly reactive, uncharged particle with an unpaired valence electron.
secondary spermatocyte: The first haploid cell produced in spermatogenesis is the ___________.
seminiferous tubules: Spermatozoa are produced in minute ducts called ___________.
tRNA: _____________ is the molecule that possesses an anticodon.
epiphysis: The head of a long bone is called its _____________ .
myenteric: Activities of different regions of the digestive tract are coordinated with each other through the __________nerve plexus between the two layers of the muscularis externa.
polarized: A plasma membrane is said to be _____ if there is a difference in charge on opposite sides of it.
pepsinogen: Pepsin is produced from a zymogen called ___________.
fixator: A muscle that prevents unwanted movement of a bone is called a ______________.
thyroid: The source of calcitonin is the _____.
theory: A statement or set of statements that summarize our present understanding of a phenomenon is a _____.
isometric: This type of contraction, called ______, is one in which a muscle develops tension but does not shorten.
cytoskeleton: The supportive framework of a cell, termed _______, is composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.
karyotype: The sex of a person from which a tissue was taken could be determined from the ____, a chart in which photographs of the chromosomes are arranged in homologous pairs.
apocrine: Axillary sweat glands are in a class called ________glands after a former, mistaken belief about their mode of secretion.
hypocalcemia: ____ is a deficiency of calcium in the blood.
chyme: The partially digested slurry that passes from the stomach into the small intestine is called ________.
polymer: Any chain or numerous similar or identical molecular subunits is a __________.
steroids: Hydrophobic molecules comprised of three six carbon rings and one five carbon ring are ________.
anaplasia: Cellular reversion to an undifferentiated form, called ______, is commonly seen in malignant tumors.
rosacea: ______ is characterized by visible networks of dilated blood capillaries, especially common on the face.
vomer: The inferior half of the nasal septum is formed by a bone called the _________.
essential: There are ten amino acids that the body cannot synthesize and therefore must acquire from the diet. They are called the _______________ amino acids.
Tissue: ___________ is the grade of structure between cells and organs.
acetabular labrum: The _______deepens the socket of the hip joint and helps stabilize the joint.
voltage-gated channels: Channel proteins that can open or close their pores in response to changes in voltage across the plasma membrane are called ______________.
secondary oocyte: A developing egg is ovulated, and may be fertilized, at the _____ stage of oogenesis.
mitochondrial cristae: ATP synthase is located in the ______.
excitation-contraction coupling: The events that occur between the time a nerve fiber stimulates a muscle fiber and the time the muscle fiber begins to contract are called _______________.
mucous membranes: All body passages open to the exterior are lined with ________.
endocrine: Any gland that has no duct and secretes its products directly into the blood is called an _____gland.
metabolism: All chemical change in the body is collectively called____________.
opposable thumb: The ________ is a characteristic of most primates not seen in other mammals.
sarcoplasmic reticulum: In a resting muscle, an organelle called the _________ contains a concentrated solution of calcium.
maltose: The disaccharide _______ is produced by starch digestion.
interstitial (Leydig): Testosterone is secreted by _____________ cells of the testes.
proto-oncogene: A___ is, in some cases, a gene for a growth factor. It can mutate and become a cancer—causing oncogene.
axoneme: The core of a cilium and flagellum, called the ________, is responsible for its motility.
heat: The second law of thermodynamics says that some energy goes to waste in every chemical reaction, because it escapes in the form of _________.
fibrosis: Formation of scar tissue is known as _______.
extracellular: All the material that occurs outside the cells is called _________ material.
glycolysis: The process of _________ splits glucose into two pyruvic acid molecules.
zygote: A fertilized egg is called a(n)_____________ when the chromosomes of both parents have mingled to form a diploid set.
complete: If a dietary protein has all the essential amino acids in the proportions needed for human metabolism, it is called a(n) _______________ protein.
pyruvic acid: The major end product of glycolysis is _______.
haploid: A ____cell is one that has half as many chromosomes as those cells with a complete chromosome set.
lipase: Any enzyme that digests fat is called a(n) _____________.
keratinized: The epidermis is said to be a ______ stratified squamous epithelium because it is covered with dead, protein-filled cells.
ovulation: The release of an egg from the ovary is called _________.
elasticity: The tendency of a stretched fiber to return to its original length is called _________.
knee: The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments are located in the ______________.
synarthroses: Skull sutures and other immovable joints are called ________.
calcaneus: The calcaneal (or Achilles) tendon inserts on a bone called the _____________.
golgi complex: The organelle that synthesizes carbohydrates and conjugates glycoproteins is the _______.
tibia: The weight-bearing bone of the calf is the _______________.
sternocleidomastoid: The prime mover of neck flexion is a prominent muscle on. the side of the neck called the ________.
carcinogen: Any environmental agent that causes cancer is called a(n) ______________.
antrum: An ovarian follicle is considered a secondary follicle when it develops a cavity called the ______.
diaphoresis: The scientific term for visible sweating is ________ .
contact inhibition: _________ is a phenomenon in which cells stop dividing when they are in close contact with neighboring cells, thus preventing excessive tissue growth.
corpora cavernosa: Erection results largely from vasocongestion of the two _____ on the dorsal side of the penis.
law: A verbal or mathematical statement that describes a predictable natural phenomenon is called a _____.
embryo: When the three primary germ layers have formed, an individual is at a stage of development called the___.
golgi complex: The _____is an organelle that produces secretory vesicles destined for exocytosis.
cranium: Sutural (wormian) bones are found in some adults between the major bones of the ______.
chorionic villi: A conceptus is anchored to the endometrium by rootlike outgrowths of the syncytiotrophoblast called _________________.
progesterone: In the luteal phase, the ovaries secrete mainly _______ , which stimulates glycogen synthesis and mucus secretion in the uterus.
zygote: A fertilized egg is called a(n) _________.
ligament: A tendon connects a muscle to a bone, whereas a _____ connects one bone to another.
visceral: A single-unit smooth muscle is also termed ______ muscle.
basement membrane: A simple epithelium is one in which every cell reaches the ________.
teratogen: Any agent that causes anatomical birth defects is called a(n) ______.
ionization: The process of receiving or giving up electrons and acquiring a charge is called ______.
estrogen: A deficiency of _________ often underlies osteoporosis.
inhibin: _________ is a hormone secreted by the ovary that selectively suppresses FSH secretion.
keratin: _____ is the principal protein of the stratum corneum.
enzyme: A protein that functions as a biological catalyst is called a(n) __________..
sliding filament: The ______ theory is the current model of how a muscle fiber contracts.
cholecystokinin: ______ is an appetite-suppressing hormone.
bursa: Fibrous sac filled with synovial fluid, termed ______, is adjacent to a joint cavity.
aponeurosis: The scientific name describing a broad flat tendon is _______.
regeneration: Replacement of damaged tissue with the same kind of tissue is termed _____________.
endosteum: The medullary cavity of a bone is lined by a fibrous connective tissue membrane called the ______ .
capacitation: Occuring in the female reproductive tract, _______ is the process by which spermatozoa become capable of fertilizing an egg.
set point: In a dynamic physiological equilibrium, conditions fluctuate slightly around an average value called the___.
fibula: The lateral malleolus of the ankle is the distal head of the _________.
calories: Although temperature is measured in degrees, heat itself is measured in __________.
hypoglycemia: A deficiency of blood glucose is termed _______.
acrosin: The enzyme _____________ facilitates fertilization.
motor unit: ______ includes one motor nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers innervated by it.
hemangioma: A birthmark is an example of ______.
antebrachium: The scientific term for the forearm is _________.
kinetochore: Dynein is found in the _____ as well as in cilia and flagella.
pivot joint: The synovial joint type, called _____ is seen between the radius and ulna and between the atlas and axis.
myoepithelial cells: The target cells for oxytocin are the _______.
acrosome: A sperm penetrates an egg by means of enzymes from its ___________.
blastomere: The term _____ describes the cells produced by cleavage of the zygote.
cryptorchidism: Sterility may result from uncorrected ________________, or undescended testes.
lesser omentum: The _______ is a serous membrane that extends from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver.
tendon sheath: A long, tubular bursa enclosing a tendon is called a(n) ___________.
central vein: Each hepatic lobule consists of plates of epithelial cells radially arranged around a blood vessel called the _______________.
adipose tissue: Yellow bone marrow consists mainly of ______.
follicle: Each hair grows in an oblique epithelial tube called a ___________.
sustenacular (Sertoli): The blood—testis barrier is formed by tight junctions between the _____cells of the testis.
fermentation: _____________ is the process that produces lactic acid in humans.
filtration: _____ is a process of membrane transport that depends on the hydrostatic pressure exerted on a fluid.
olecranon: The apex of the elbow is the _______.
phospholipid: The plasma membrane is composed mainly of protein and __________ molecules.
ligament: A fibrous band or cord connecting one bone to another is a(n) ______.
molecule: A _____ is any chemical composed of two or more atoms bonded together, whether the atoms are of the same or different elements.
cholesterol: _________ is transported to the liver in HDL's to be disposed of in the bile.
electrolytes: Compounds that ionize in water and produce a solution that will conduct electricity are called ______.
cholesterol: The major component of LDL's is __________.
lysosome: The organelle that detoxifies free radicals is the _____.
fatty acid: The primary energy source for resting muscle is _______.
anabolism: The synthesis reactions of metabolism are collectively called _________.
postabsorptive: When the stomach and small intestine are empty and the body is drawing on its stored energy reserves, it is in the __________ state.
acetylcholine: Motor nerve fibers release a neurotransmitter called _____ , which makes skeletal muscle fibers contract.
motor unit: One motor nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers innervated by it are called a _________.
trophoblastic: For the first 8 weeks after ovulation, a conceptus depends primarily on ________nutrition.
FSH: Inhibin selectively suppresses the secretion of _____.
prime mover: Muscle that produces the main force in a given joint action is the _________.
antioxidants: Protective compounds such as selenium and a—tocopherol that neutralize free radicals are called ____.
anorexia: A lesion in the hunger center of the hypothalamus can cause the condition known as ________.
cyanosis: A deficiency of oxygen in the blood can give rise to a skin color called _______________.
intervertebral discs: About one-quarter of the length of the spinal column consists of cartilaginous ____ between the vertebrae.
eukaryotes: Organisms whose cells have true nuclei, including humans, are called _________.
aerobic respiration: _________ is the process by which most ATP is produced in humans.
Positive feedback: _______is a process in which a physiological change triggers further change in the same direction.
hydrolysis: The opposite of a dehydration synthesis reaction is a/an ________reaction.
cremaster: The ______ muscle that elevates or lowers the scrotum.
myoglobin: ______ is the oxygen storage pigment unique to muscle.
range of motion: The maximum angle through which a joint can move is called its ___________.
vitamin D: ________ is produced by the action of ultraviolet radiation on cholesterol.
negative feedback: Many physiological processes are controlled by self-correcting______ loops.
fascicles: Muscle fibers are arranged in bundles called ___________.
fast-twitch: ______ skeletal muscle fibers are the type most susceptible to fatigue.
belly: The scientific name for the thick middle part of a muscle is the _________.
twitch: A quick cycle of muscle contraction and relaxation is termed ______.
microvilli: _______ is an expected modification on the surface of a cell that is specialized for absorption.
suspension: A(n) ________ is a mixture that is cloudy because its particles are large enough to scatter light, but which does not spontaneously separate because its particles are small enough to remain permanently suspended in the solvent.
epididymis: Until ejaculation, most sperm are stored in the _____________.
free energy: The amount of energy in a chemical that can do useful work is called its _______.
concentration gradient: One difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport is that facilitated diffusion moves substances down their _______, while active transport moves them up.
end plate potential: The ____ is a local change in the voltage across the sarcolemma caused by a neurotransmitter.
chondrocytes: The scientific term for cartilage cells is _______.
nevus: A mole is an example of ________.
organ: A(n) _______ is composed of two or more tissues, working to perform a specific function.
pituitary gland: The sella turcica holds the _________.
sebum: The holocrine glands of the skin secrete _________.
trapezius: The largest muscle of the upper back is the ______________.
congenital anomaly: Any abnormality present at birth is called a ______________.
cervix: The constricted part of the uterus that protrudes into the vagina is called the ________.
corneum: Dead keratinized cells form the stratum _____________ of the skin.
denaturation: A major change in enzyme structure that destroys its catalytic ability is called __________.
pinocytosis: _____ is the process by which a cell imbibes droplets of extracellular fluid without changing the composition of the fluid.
cytochromes: The iron—containing enzymes of the mitochondrial cristae that participate in the electron transport system are called _________.
glycolysis: The metabolic reaction chain that splits glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid is called _______.
os coxae: Each half of the adult pelvis is a bone called the ______________.
keratin: ______ is the principal protein of the fingernails.
bulbospongiosus: The ____ helps to void the last few mililiters of urine.
adductor pollicis: The __________ forms the web between the thumb and palm.
latent period: A delay between the stimulation of a muscle fiber and the onset of contraction is the _______.
sphincters: Several body orifices are regulated by circular muscles called ___________.
electron donor: A(n) ________ is a reducing agent.
mesonephric duct: The embryonic structure called the ________ is the precursor of the male reproductive tract.
orbicularis oris: The muscle of the lips is the _____________.
atresia: Degeneration of ovarian follicles that never ovulate is termed ______.
vertex: The normal head-down position of a full—term fetus is called the _________position.
hypertrophy: The growth of a tissue due to enlargement of its cells, but not involving the production of new cells, is called ________________.
cerumen: Earwax is also called __________.
keratin (hard keratin): The fingernails are composed of the protein _______.
quadriceps femoris: The anterior aspect of the thigh is dominated by the ________ , a large muscle with four heads.
metastasis: The spread of cancer from its original site in the body to new locations is called _________.
vomiting: Hyperemesis gravidarum is a state of severe ______ early in pregnancy.
acid: Electron acceptor is the best definition of a(n) _______.
alopecia: Thinning of the hair is termed _______.
peptide bond: _______ is the type of bond that links adjacent amino acids together in proteins.
synovial fluid: The lubricant in the joint cavity of a diarthrosis is called _____________.
bipennate: In a _______ muscle, the fascicles diverge from both sides of a central tendon.
I band: The ______ is the zone of a sarcomere that becomes narrower during muscle contraction.
hypotonic: A solution that is more dilute than cytoplasm and would cause a cell to swell with water is said to be ______
tonus (muscle tone): A resting muscle is normally in a state of partial contraction called __________.
epiphyseal plates: A person stops growing in height when closure of the _______ occurs around 18—20 years of age.
acetabulum: The socket of the hip joint is called the ___________.
telomeres: "Caps" that stabilize the ends of each chromosome are known as __________.
uterine tube: The usual site of fertilization is in the ______.
cytokinesis: _____ is the division of the cytoplasm following mitotic division of the nucleus.
ligand: A molecule that binds to a protein of the plasma membrane is ___________.
mEq/L: ____ is the most physiologically relevant way of expressing electrolyte concentration.
Vertebrata: All animals in the subphylum ______, including humans, have a jointed spinal column and a cranium.
lingual lipase: _______ , which is a salivary enzyme, is activated in the stomach.
alleles: The alternative forms taken by a single gene are called its __________.
carotene: A yellow pigment, ________ , is sometimes found in the skin.
growth factors: _____ are chemicals that stimulate mitosis in target cells.
dentin: The tissue _____ constitutes most of the bulk of a tooth.
saddle joint: The synovial joint type, called _____ is unique to the trapeziometacarpal joint.
semitendinosus: The antagonist of the rectus femoris is the _______.
exocytosis: Sweat is secreted by the mechanism called ___________, in which secretory vesicles release their contents at the apical surface of the gland cell.
implantation: Attachment of the conceptus to the uterine wall is called ________.
anterior pituitary: The ______ is the source of prolactin and luteinizing hormones.
mesoderm: ________ is the primary germ layer that gives rise to muscle and connective tissue.
fornices: Vaginal spaces that surround the cervix are called __________.
threshold: A muscle fiber will not contract unless it is depolarized to a voltage called its __________.
emulsified: As a prelude to enzymatic digestion, dietary fat must be ___________ , or broken up into small droplets suspended in the chyme.
mixture: Whenever two or more substances are physically combined but do not chemically react with each other, they form a _____________.
parietal cells: The stomach cells that secrete hydrochloric acid are the ______.
peritoneum: The ______ is the specific membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity.
Homeostasis: __________is the body's tendency to maintain stable internal conditions.
collagen: The ______ in bone resists tension and usually prevents a bone from shattering under stress.
K: The chemical symbol of potassium is ______.
carrier-mediated: Facilitated diffusion and active transport are both classified as ___________ transport because they involve transport proteins in the plasma membrane.
dense regular: Tendons are in a category called ______connective tissue because all their fibers are more or less parallel and closely spaced.
ductus arteriosus: Most fetal blood in the pulmonary trunk follows a shunt to the aorta called the _________ instead of circulating through the lungs.
cellulose: Dietary fiber consists largely of the indigestible polysaccharide __________.
pharynx: The place where the digestive and respiratory tracts cross, the _________ has superior, middle, and inferior constrictors.
parturition: The scientific term for childbirth is _________.
catalyst: Any chemical that speeds up a reaction but is not consumed by it is called a/an ________
surfactant: Respiratory distress syndrome results from a deficiency of pulmonary ___________in the lungs of a premature infant.
carotene: The dietary provitamin _________ is converted to vitamin A.
lock and key: A common model used to describe enzyme—substrate specificity is___________.
G O: The ____ phase refers to cells that no longer undergo mitosis.
comminuted: A______________ fracture is one in which a bone is broken into several fragments.
amylases: The starch—digesting enzymes of the saliva and pancreatic juice are called _____________.
substrate: A chemical that is changed by an enzyme is called its __________.
homologous: Two identical—looking chromosomes, each of which was inherited from a different parent, are called _______________________chromosomes.
exergonic: Chemical reactions that release heat are called__________.
follicular: Follicles and oocytes develop during a portion of the ovarian cycle called the ________ phase.
acid mantle: Perspiration creates a protective low-pH film on the skin called the _________.
perichondrium: Hyaline cartilage is covered by a fibrous connective tissue membrane called the ________.
senescence: Degenerative change in an organ resulting from aging is called __________.
serous membranes: ______ are the type of membranes enclosing the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
Turner syndrome: _______ results from an XO condition in the zygote.
cardiac muscle: A tissue with intercalated discs is ______.
diarthroses: Freely movable joints such as the knuckles are called ________.
nondisjuction: Failure of two homologous chromosomes to separate in meiosis is called _________.
giving birth: Parturition is the process of _____________.
knee: The prepatellar, suprapatellar, and two infrapatellar bursae are located in the _________.
colostrum: The first mammary secretion following childbirth that precedes milk is ______________.
sella turcica: The pituitary gland lies in a cavity of the sphenoid bone called the _____________.
chylomicrons: Lipoproteins that transport newly absorbed dietary fats in the lymph and blood are called _______.
organelles: Cells contain smaller structures called _________ that carry out their metabolic functions.
transcytosis: Imbibing fluid droplets on one side of a cell, transporting them across the cell, and releasing them on the other side, is called ________________.
hypoglycemia: A deficiency of blood glucose is called ___________.
body: The ____________________ is the largest part of the sternum.
receptor: A(n) _______ is any structure specialized to detect a stimulus.
dendrites: The cell body of a neuron usually has one axon and numerous _______ extending from it.
ground substance: All connective tissues consist of cells, fibers, and ________.
isomers: Two molecules that have the same atoms arranged in different ways are called _______of each other.
cofactors: Inorganic ions that activate enzymes are ________________.
rotator cuff: The ___ is formed by tendons of the subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspiriatus, and teres minor muscles.
-COOH: The formula for a carboxyl group is ___________.
tuberosity: The ______ is the roughened portion of a bone to which a tendon is attached.
integumentary system: The ______ is the only organ system directly affected by photoaging.
blood cells: Some bone marrow is said to be hemopoietic because it produces ________.
genotype: The _________ is the combination of genes that a person has for a specific trait.
biceps femoris: The hamstring muscles are the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and ______________.
lactic acid: _____ lowers the pH of the sarcoplasm and contributes to muscle fatigue.
selectively permeable: The plasma membrane is said to be________ because it allows some substances to pass through but excludes others.
osteoid: Soft tissue that is an early stage of intramembranous ossification is called __________.
microtubules: Protein cylinders called ____ form the core of a cilium or flagellum, and form part of the cytoskeleton.
conchae: Most of the space in each nasal fossa is occupied by three scroll—like _______________.

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Number of cards 289