P.S. Chapter 13 Voc 1-15
Terms
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- Angular Momentum Quantum Number
- Designates a sublevel within a main energy level: s,p,d,f
- Atom
- The basic unit of an element that can enter into a chemical combination
- Atomic Number
- The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
- Atom Mass
- A weighted average of the naturally occurring isotoes of an element compared with carbon-12
- Aufbau Principle
- The buildingup principle of the periodic system of the elements, based on four quantum numbers assigned to every electron in an atom
- Core
- In electronic configuration of an element, the symbol in brackets of the noble gas preceding the element in the periodic table
- Electron Capacity
- The number of electrons that can be accommodated by each electron shell, subshell, and orbital
- Electron Cloud
- The electron probability density at each point in an atom; the probability of finding an electron at that point
- Electron Configuration
- The distribution of electrons in the quantum shells of an atom
- Element
- A pure substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical or physical means
- Energy-level diagram
- The representation of the electron configuration of an atom using circles or boxes for orbitals and arrows for electrons
- Excited State
- Any state other than the ground state of an atom
- Ground State
- In the ground state of an atom, the electrons occupy the lowest energy levels available and the atom is stable
- Group
- A vertical column in the periodic table occupied by elements with related chemical and physical properties that make up a chemical family
- Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
- According to this principle, if we can measure the energy of an electron precisely, we cannot simultaneously determine the exact position of the electron
- Hund's Rule
- Electrons dod not enter into joint occupancy of an orbital until all of the available orbitals of a given subshell are half occupied
- Isotopes
- Different varieties of the atoms of an element. Their nuclei have the same atomic number but different mass numbers
- Magnetic Quatum Number
- Designates a sublevel or orbital
- Main-group elements
- The elements in a verical column in the periodic table designated I1 to VIIA
- Mass Number
- The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
- Mass Spectrometer
- An intrument that separates the isotopes of an element
- Moseley's Law
- The properties of the elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers
- Neutrons
- A nuclear particle with approximately the same mass as a proton but lacking an electrical charge
- Noble Gas
- One of the family of elements helium, neon, agron, krypton, xenon, and radon. All except helium have eight electrons in the outermost energy level
- Nucleon
- A proton or a neutron
- Octet
- The presence of eight electrons in the outmost energy level of an atom
- Orbital
- A sub-sublevel of an atom that can accommodate two electrons of opposite spin
- Paui Exclusion Principle
- No two electrons of the same atom may have the same set of four quantum numbers
- Period
- A horizontal row running from left to right across the periodic table
- Periodic Table
- A chart showing all the elements arranged in columns in such a way that the elements in a given colum exhibit similar chmical properties
- Periodicity
- The recurrence at definite intervals of the chemical and physical properties of the elements when arranged in a table according to increasing atomic number
- Positive Ion
- An atom that has lost one or more electrons and carries a positive charge
- Principal Quantum Number
- Determins the main energy level in which an electron is located
- Probability
- The position of an electron in an atom is uncertain, so that we can only refer to the probability of an electron being in a certain region
- Proton
- A nuclear particle of an atom carrying a unit positive charge
- Quantized
- The energies of electrons located in energy levels around the nucleus can take on only certain values specified by four quantum numbers
- Quantum Mechanics
- A mathematical method of treating particles on the basis of quantum theory
- Representative Elements
- See Main-group elements
- Shell
- An orbit or main energy level
- Spin Quantum Number
- One of two equivalent electron spin orientations
- Symbol
- A representation of an element
- Transition Metals
- Elements in the B columns in the periodic table in which d or f orbitals are being filled
- Unified Atomic Mass Unit
- An arbitrary mass unit defined to be exactly one-twelfth the mass of the carbon-12 isotope
- Wave Mechanics
- A system based on Erwin Schrodinger's wave nature of the electrons is assumed and the solution describe the arrangement of electrons in atoms