Music 005 ROUND THREE
Terms
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- Episode of fugue
- Free polyphonic section after the subject has been introduced in each voice
- classical orchestra
- 20 - 60 players, 15 - 25 minutes long
- PARIS: center of 19th century romanticism
- chopin (piano), paganini (violin), Listz (piano), Rossini (Opera Composer), Berlioz (only french guy), Bellini (opera composer)
- standard forumla for opera scenes
- recitative then aria -- singers own the stage
- piano
- aka pianoforte, late 18th century invention, strings struck by hammers
- movement III
- leaves the dance and ends up in the woods where there are shepherds playing the melody and he freaks out
- counter subject of fugue
- a 2nd theme in exposition
- Mozarts 3 greatest italian operas
- marriage of figaro, don giovanni, and casi fan tutte
- Rondo Form
- One idea repeated over and over, with occasional sections between
- organ
- pipes, pedals, and keys
- Chopin and romantic piano music
- short lyrical piano pieces -- akin to art song, inspired by prelude "intermezzo" "impromptu", piano, developed modern style fingering, others inspired by dances (mazuka, polonaise + waltz, scherzo)
- Handel's Messiah
- Most famous oratorio, anticipatory, chirstmas, easter
- Claudio Monteverdi
- master of high renaissance and innovator of baroque style
- fugue
- height of baroque imitative polyphony, a process not a form, systematic imitative polyphony, not for entertainment but for study and practice
- Piano in 19th Century
- improvements led to the creation of the grand piano, the instrument of the home, saloon, and stage, even more dynamic range, longer tonal range, mass production of pianos, popular among amateur musicians
- harpsichord
- plucked strings
- clavichord
- strings struck by metal levers -- very quiet
- Chopin
- half french half polish, studied music as youth, 3 spheres of influence: german classicism, polish folk music, italian opera,at 21 moved to paris, exotic to french, shy performer, curt teacher(hardass), romantic friendship with George Sand(feminist woman) suffered from tubercleosis--> died at 39
- opera buffa
- (comic opera) called singspiel in germany
- 19th century piano music
- piano sonatas, concertos, duos, trios, quartets, arrangements, art songs short pieces(nocturne, etude, sherzo++) pieces for four hands WIDE VARIETY.
- idee fixe
- An idea that dominates the mind; a fixed idea -- in the music it is a melody that represents the woman he loves
- Imitative polyphony
- polyphony that imitates the text
- genre of symphonie fantastique
- program symphony
- homorhythmic
- everyone follows one rhythm
- subject of fugue
- theme
- Mozart
- further expanded the comic opera, greater orchestration, larger, longer, and more complex work, dry and dark humor
- Opera
- Premier Musical art form in 18th century
- movement II
- the artist sees the girl dancing with a lot of men and is very upset -- ball/dance
- Hector Berlioz
- french composer, conductor, critic, and guitar player, 1st true french romantic, left med school for music, loved Shakespeare, opera, Beethoven, fell in love w/ harriet smithson(briefly) 1830 won prix de Rome, potential murderer, success all over europe EXCEPT FRANCE
- bach
- German teacher, choral director, composer, keyboard virtuoso, Lutheran, extremely prolific craftsman of music,
- 4 types of program music
- concert overture, program symphony, symphonic poem/tone poem, inccidental music (music underneath drama)
- romantic orchestra
- 100+ players, 45 min. - 1 hour long
- Robert Schumann
- german composer, critic, conductor, a true romantic, loved literature and law, concert pianists and then composer because he hurt his hands, hard fought love for Clara Wieck -- eventually married her, started music journal new journal for music, mentally unstable, CARNAVAL MINIATURES INTRODUCE COLLEAGUES DISCUSSING MUSIC
- castrato
- the virtuoso male singer as hero
- Symphonie Fantastique
- an artist in love with a woman who does not love him back tries to kill himself with opium and ends up dreaming her death and ending up in Hell
- absolute music
- music for music's sake, music is master
- answer of fugue
- every other subject statements
- opera seria
- mythological cliches, stories of nobilities, in italian, mythological and noble characters
- Handel
- german contemporary of bach, famous opera composer turned oratorio man, LONDON
- exposition of fugue
- contains subject and answers theme/subject repeated in immitation through voices
- movement I
- dreams, emotions that overtake you, falls in love with the woman -- reveries and passions
- homophonic
- one melody with harmony underneath
- Oratorio
- baroque conception, a sacred opera, borrowed secular operatic practices, during lent no operas = PERFECT, soloists, chorus, instrumentalists, no staging, no scenery, no gestures -- implied action, sacred text, characters, biblical figures, sacred entertainment
- Program music
- literary, philosophical, or pictoral association -- artist is the master
- movement V
- he is dead and witches, gouls, and gobblins are taking him to hell
- Romantic themes in symphonie fantastique
- love and yearning, social isolation, narcotics, nature (beauty and fright), death and violence, supernatural
- Overture
- instrumental introduction to a larger work (opera, play, film) often outlines the hits and or drama to come
- movement IV
- he freaks out and takes opium to try and kill himself, but instead he ends up becoming unconscious and dreaming that he is sent to the guillotine to die
- romantic orchestra
- bigger, longer, louder, exploration of dynamics, timbre of instruments and orchestral combinations