Science Exam Cards
Terms
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- Theory
- The most logical explanation for events that occur in nature
- Law
- Summarizes observed experimential facts that has been tested many times and is accepted as true
- Geology
- The study of the Earths origin
- Meteorology
- The study of the Earths atmosphere
- Oceanology
- The study of the Earths oceans
- Astronomy
- The study of the characteristics of the planets and stars
- Variable
- One factor that is being tested
- Control
- An experiment
- Data
- Observations and measurements
- Fair test
- An experiment only testing one variable
- Metric System
- The scientific system of measurement
- Meter
- The basic unit of length
- Mass
- A measure of the amount of matter in an object
- Volume
- The amount of space an object takes up
- Liter
- The basic unit of volume
- Cubic centimeter
- The metric unit used to measure the volume of solids
- Gram
- Used to measure the mass of small objects
- Weight
- A measure of the attraction between 2 objects
- Newton
- The basic unit of weight
- Density
- The relationship between mass and volume
- Celsius
- What temerature is measured on
- Dimensional Analysis
- Converting one unit to another
- Conversion Factor
- A fraction that always equals to 1
- Refracting telescope
- A series of lenses which is used to focus light
- Reflecting telescope
- A series of lenses used to collect and focus light from distant objects
- Electromagnetic spectrum
- Arrangement of electromagnetic waves which consist of visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, x rays, and radio waves
- Radio telescope
- A telescope that gathers radio waves from distant objects in order to produce images of those objects
- Infrared telescope
- A telescope that gathers infrared light from distant objects in order to produce images of those objects
- Ultraviolet telescope
- A telescope that gathers ultraviolet light from distant objects in order to produce images of those objects
- X ray telescope
- A telescope that gathers x rays from distant object in order to produce images of those objects
- Inner Core
- The solid innermost center of the earth
- Outer core
- The layer of the earth surrounding the inner core
- Mantle
- The layer of the earth that extends from the bottom of the crust to the outer core
- Moho
- The boundary between the earth's outermost layer and the mantle
- Plasticity
- The ability of a solid to flow or change shape
- Crust
- The thin outermost layer of the earth
- Lithosphere
- The topmost solid part of the earth
- Asthenosphere
- The layer of the earth directly beneath the lithosphere
- IMIC
- Inner most inner core
- Stress
- The forces that push and pull on the earths crust, causing deformation
- Deformation
- Any change in the origonal shape or volume of rocks
- Compression
- A type of stress that squeezes rocks together
- Tension
- The type of stress that pulls rocks apart
- Shearing
- The type of stress that pushes rocks of the crust in 2 opposite horizontal directions
- Fracture
- A break or crack in a rock
- Fault
- A break or crack along which rocks move
- Hanging wall
- The block of rock above a fault
- Foot wall
- The block of rock below a fault
- Normal fault
- A fault in which the hanging wall moves fown relative to the foot wall
- Reverse fault
- A fault in which the hanging wall moves up relative to the foot wall
- Thrust fault
- A reverse fault in which the hanging wall slides over the foot wall
- Lateral/strike slip fault
- A fault along which the blocks move horizontally past eachother
- Fault block mountain
- A mountain formed by blocks of rock uplifted along normal faults
- Rift valley
- A valley formed when the block of land between 2 normal faults slides downward
- Fold
- A bend in a rock
- Anticline
- An upward fold in a rock
- Syncline
- A downward fold in a rock
- Plateau
- A large area of flat land high above sea level
- Dome
- A raised area formed by magma pushing upward on the rock layers above it
- Isostasy
- The balancing of the upward force of the mantle and the downward force of the crust
- Earthquake
- The shaking and trembling that results from the suden movement of part of the Earths crust
- Aftershock
- A shock which occurs after an earthquake
- Seismogram
- A record of seismic waves
- Seismograph
- Recording of seismic waves
- Seismologist
- A person who records seismic waves
- Seismology
- The study of seismic waves
- Richter scale
- A scale used to measure the strength of earthquakes
- Focus
- The underground point of origin of an earthquake
- P waves
- Primary waves; can travel through solids, liquids, and gases. They are the fastest type of seismic waves.
- S waves
- Secondary waves; can only travel through solids. Slower than P waves but faster than L waves.
- L waves
- Surface waves; slowest moving waves.
- R waves
- Rayleigh waves
- Body waves
- P and S waves
- Epicenter
- The point on the earths surface directly above the focus of an earthquake
- USGS
- United states geological survey