Anthro final review
Terms
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- How did native people survive in the 20th century in NW coast?
- On reservations and rancherias, migrant and low paying labor; Bole Maru (Dreamers) religion and Shaker church
- How did native peoples respond to the 1960s civil rights movement?
- Land claims, land purchases,economic development (through self determination act of 1975) regional political advocate groups, cultural associations
- What is the American Indian Movement?
- Native American political group, nationwide
- For what did the NW Coast Indians use the forest for?
- Houses, clothing, canoes, containers, masks, and totem poles and other crest art, plants for food and medicine
- What was the most important subsistence activity for NW coast?
- Fishing (salmon)
- What did clans own in the NW coast?
- Rights to resourses, and crest
- How were crest dispolayed and inherited?
- Through potlatching
- What is potlatching?
- Distribution of gifts that validate rank, also strenghtens social bonds
- What did Russia want from NW coast people in the 18th and 19th century?
- Sea otter pelts and provisions
- What was the most important trade organization in Canada?
- Hudson's Bay Company
- What were important reprecussions of trade?
- Important and size of potlatch increase, upward mobility (sue to emidemics) trade goods absorbed into crest art (cloth, buttons, metal knives), potato adopted into subsistense economy and trade
- How did the economy change after settlers entered NW coast territory?
- Commerical fishing and cannery work
- What are brotherhoods?
- NW coast organizations of that worked for native civil rights, economic protection and land claims
- What does "the indigenization of christianity" mean?
- Incorperation of native religions traditions into christian ceremonies
- What was repressive about the Indian Act in Canada?
- Ban on potlatching and other activities, limit legal identity as Native Americans
- What differnces are there between Alaskian and Canadian life styles?
- Houses: pithouse/ igloo; Village size: larger in alaska; water vessels: umiak/ kayak
- What kind of religious leader did the Eskimo have?
- Shamans
- Why did a song dual as a form of conflict managment make sense?
- It prevented injury and death among hunters whose cooperation was essential for village survival
- What did Hudson's Bay company want and what were the reprecussions?
- Arctic fox, rifles undercut cooperation, disease
- What happened to Eskimo after WWII?
- US relocated them to compact settlements; wage work and welfare undermined cooperation; deterioration in health
- What was the name of the nationalist Eskimo political advacy group?
- Alaskan Federation of Natives
- CONTEMPERARY ISSUES
- study them
- What caused the rich resource in California?
- different environment zones caused a surplus of food because of vertical terrain
- How did they survive in California?
- Substience activities- hunter, gather, fisherman; acorns seeds as food; plant fivers used for clothing, houses and blankets
- What were the social organizations like in California?
- permanat villiages, political autonomy independent; patrolinial decent, milineal heriditery leader
- Who is a shaman?
- A religiois specialist who can communicate directy with the supernatural
- What were the secret societies?
- Inicate youth and impresonate supernatual beings
- What were the social consequences of the spanish colonization in california?
- missions established and forced native labors from forced immigration of natives to these missions, populations decreased
- What were the consequences of american settlements in california?
- Gold rush massacured natives (genocide)
- What were the affects of the Ghost dance revtaization 1870?
- It promised better life
- What distinguises the people of the east and west subarctic?
- Language, and history of contact with europeans
- What is the main subsistence activitiy in the subarctic?
- Hunting for caribou and moose, fishing
- What inventions helped the subarctic people travel?
- Show shoes and toboggans
- What art are the people of the subarctic known for?
- quilting bark and hide
- What kind of social organizations did the subarctic have?
- small nomadic groups, bilateral decent, egaliteran social relations
- How did the people of the subarctic obtain help from supernatural fores?
- Sharmans contact spirit helpers (ex. shaking tent ceremony in east) individuals get helpers through vision quest
- What colonial empires tracded with subarctic peoples and what did they want?
- English and french; furs and beaver
- What are Metis?
- Desendents of marriages between europeans and native people
- What were the consequences of fur trade in the subarctic?
- Warfare increased, disease increased, debt to traders, dependece on european food and trade goods, political marginalization of metis
- What were the consequences of the introduction of the rifle in the subarctic?
- dogs for transport, pressure on game population
- What is the major means of subsistence in the 20th century in the subarctic?
- wage work combined with trapping subsistence by welfare payments after 1951
- What are the Dene Nation and the Indians of Quebec Association and what are there goals?
- Regional political advacacy group, hunting rights?
- What is the basis of subsistence in the arctic?
- hunting sea mammals
- Why is there a connection between art and cultural revival?
- central role of potlatching