WH-Colonial Nationalism and WWII
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- Mexican dictator who stepped down in 1911
- Porfirio Diaz
- Mexican liberal reformer who demanded free elections in 1910 and forced the resignation of the current mexican dictator and then became dictator for two years b4 he was murdered
- Madero
- post-madero, north mexican leader=
- Francisco "Pancho" Villa
- post-Madero, south mexican leader and followers
-
Zapata
Zapatists -
1917 ____ elected president of mexico
who approved ____ -
Carranza
Constitution of 1917 - Constitution of 1917
-
Mexico
allowed nationalization (government takover) of natural resources
basic workers rights - 1929 ______ ________ party formed, dominates mexico politics even today
- Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)
- Economic Nationalism
-
emphasis on domestic control of the economy
Latin American Countries during the 1930s when demand dries up - Cultural Nationalism
-
pride in one's own culture
revived in Mexico with mural painting (art form of aztecs) - Diego Rivera
- mexican muralist 1930s
- jose clemente orozco
- mexican muralist 1930s
- David Alfaro Siqueiros
- mexican muralist 1930s
- US initial policy towards latin america, then its most recent policy and who initiated it
-
first, "international policemen"
roosevelt, "good neighbor" - Kiyuku
- Kenyans who protested white rule and racist acts (identification cards, jobs, etc)
- "Women's War" in Nigeria
- Ibo women protest british policies, full-scale revolt
- 1948 South Africa
- Apartheid
- Apartheid
-
policy of strict racial separtion in South Africa
1948-1989 - Pan-Africanism
- emphasized the unity of Africans and people of African descent around the world
- Marcus Garvey
-
jamaican born
most famous pan-africanism person - Negritude Movement
- french-speaking african movement to embrace heritage
- Egyptian independence
-
Wafd Party protests, 1922 Britain agrees to give independence but stay as real power behind gov't
1930s Muslim brotherhood protests - Ataturk
-
Mustafa Kemal
gained independence for Turkey, declared republic
westernized Turkey - Iranian independence
- 1925 Reza Khan
- Turkish independence
- 1923 Ataturk
- Reza Khan
-
Iran
westernized
began oil deals with Britain (big issue in present) - Pan-Arabism
-
post WWI
sought to free Arabs from foreign domination and unite them in their own state - Arab problems with Paris Peace Conference after WWI
-
arab states promised independence, but divided into colonies for west
betrayal -
modern Zionist movement founded by...
goal= -
Theodor Herzl
independent jewish state in Palestine - WWII promises in palestine
-
1917 Balfour Declaration promises "national home for Jewish people" in Palestine
(but arabs already live there)
Arabs promised own kingdoms - Amritsar
- city in India where 50 british soldiers open fire on men women and children meeting inside a walled area in the city
- Gandhi
-
Mahatma "great soul"
passive resistance "satya-graha" (soul-force)
equal rights for everyone - ahimsa
-
non violence
gandhi - dhoti
-
white clothing worn by majority of indians
Gandhi - The Salt March
-
Gandhi
March 12
end to british salt monopoly - Muhammad Ali Jinnah
-
congress party leader
wanted independent Muslim Pakistan - WWII and India
-
British delay inevitable independence
force Indian help, but recieve very little
independence afterward - 1930s Dicators challenge World Peace (3)
-
1931 Japan seizes Manchuria
1935 Mussolini invades Ethiopia
1936 Hitler puts troops in demilitarized zone - pacifism
-
opposition to all war
1930s during world depression
reason all invasions by japs, germans, italians ignored - Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis
-
fight Soviet communism
wont get in the way of eachothers expansions -
1931
1936 Spain -
Old Monarchy overthrown, contraversial republican gov't
-->
Civil War - Spanish Civil War
-
Loyalists vs Nationalists
Nationalists=Fascists=Franco
Axis powers support nationalists
Some of West supports loyalists
Franco wins - Guernica
-
Spanish civil war; bomb raid by german
Nazi experiment to test power of planes - Colonial Legacy:Economics
-
introduced new industries
economic dependence on west
large farms, etc still owned by west - Colonial Legacy:Politics
-
Africans used to suppression, overbearing European rule
after independence expect to just "know" how to rule as a democratic nation when they have never been under one - Colonial Legacy:Health Care and Education
-
limited/no access to education
didnt provide much health care, left to missionaries - Colonial Legacy: National Borders
-
borders drawn by colonial powers
diverse ethnic groups, conflicting interests=civil war, unrest
new leaders try to make unity where there is none - Post WWII-West's response to African nationalism
-
early defeats by Jap show West weakness
West unwilling to fight and suppress indp. movements
1947 independence of india used as inspiration - Kwame Nkrumah
-
Gold Coast (Ghana)
nationalist leader
post WWII - Jomo Kenyatta
-
Kenya
nationalist leader
post WWII - Leopold Senghor
-
Senegal
nationalist leader
post WWII - Gold Coast/Ghana
-
1957 from Britain
Kwame Nkrumah=prime minister, leader through independence
changed name to Ghana; more african symbolism - Kenya
-
1963 from Britian
Jomo Kenyatta made PM (spokesman for Kikuyu)
Kikuyu vs White settlers
Mau Mau uprising - Mau Mau uprising
-
Kenya
Mau Mau=british name for guerrillas who rebelled against their rule
made to look like savages - Algeria
-
1962 independence from France
National Liberation Front by Muslim Algerians-guerilla warfare to try and get independence
hugely costly to france and algeria - Anschluss
-
union of Austria and Germany
engineered by hitler after forcing germans into gov't positions -
germany's second victom after austria
what did they do to them -
Czechoslovakia
wanted autonomy for 3 mil germans in sudentenland (west Czech.)---french and british use appeasement and let hitler annex it -
"Peace for our time"
"The fools, why are they cheering?" -
Chamberlin-GB
Daladier-France - Nazi-Soviet Pact
-
Hitler nonaggression pact with Stalin USSR
secretly agreed to divide up poland and not to fight eachother
mutual need -
after czech., germany invades ______
and then .... -
Poland
Britain and France declare war on Germany - Blitzkreig
-
Lightning War
hitlers war technique - Miracle of Dunkirk
- British trapped on coast, saved by merchant ships, etc
- Operation Sea Lion
-
the invasion of Britain by Hitler
massive air strikes on London
FAILED: GB morale increases - Operation Barbarossa
-
post Op Sea Lion
invasion of Russia
Russians=scorched earth policy; germans freeze/starve
Stalin and Britain agree to work together - Atlantic Charter
-
Roosevelt and Churchill
pledged to destroy nazi tyranny - Japanese General who orders Pearl Harbor, etc
- General Tojo Hideki
- The Big Three
-
Churchill Roosevelt Stalin
mucho distrust - El Alamein
- Battle where British stop German Advance in Egypt
- Battle of Stalingrad
-
Hitler vs. Stalin
Stalin wins, then drives Germans out of Russia entirely - Island hopping campaign in Pacific by..
- Douglas McArthur
- kamikaze
- pilots who kill themselves by crashing into ships
-
first a bomb in...
second.. -
hiroshima
nagasaki - Zimbabwe guerilla leaders
- Mugabe and Nkomo
- Southern Rhodesia becomes....
- Zimbabwe
- South Africa
- Mandela
- White South African president who makes all the reforms and freed mandela
- FW de Klerk
- Namibia
- SWAPO Southwest African People's Organization