Health Assessment-Ch.9
Terms
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- What is a stage 1 pressure ulcer?
- Skin is unbroken but appears red; no blanching when pressed.
- What is a stage 2 pressure ulcer?
- Skin is broken, and ther is supficial skin loss involving the epidermis alone or also the dermis. the lesion resembles a vesicle, erosion or blister.
- What is a stage 3 pressure ulcer?
- Pressure area involves epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The ulcer resembles a crater. Hidden areas of damage may extend through the subcutaneous tissue beyond the borders of the external lesion but not through underlying fascia.
- What is a stage 4 pressure ulcer?
- Pressure area involves epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue, bone and other support tissue. The ulcer resembles a massive crater with hidden areas of damage in adjacent tissue.
- What are some common skin variations?
- Freckles, vitiligo, striae, seborrheic keratosis, scar, mole and cutaneous tags.
- What are some indications that a mole may be cancerous?
- It has change in appearance or bleeds.
- Generalized hair loss is seen in what illnesses?
- Hypothyroidism and in clients receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
- What ethnic group is more at risk for skin cancer? What ethnic group is less at risk for skin cancer?
- Australians and Asians, respectively. Generally, the darker the skin, the less chance of skin cancer.
- Which ethnic groups have the strongest body odor?
- Caucasians and African Americans.
- How often should you perform a skin self-exam?
- Once a month.
- What gives skin a yellow cast?
- Carotene
- What is pallor?
- Loss of color due to arterila insufficiency, decreased blood supply and anemia.
- What is cyanosis?
- It makes white skin appear blue-tinged, especially in the perioral, nailbed and conjunctival areas. Dark skin appears ble, dull and lifeless in the same areas.
- Where are the first signs of cyanosis noticed?
- Sclera
- What is central cyanosis?
- Central cyanosis results from cardiopulmonary problem.
- What is peripheral cyanosis?
- Peripheral cyanosis results from a local problem resulting from vasoconstriction.
- What is jaundice?
- Light and dark-skinned people is characterized by yellow skin tones, from pale to pumpkin, particularly in the sclera, oral mucosa, palms and soles.
- What is acanthosis nigricans
- Roughening and darkening of skin in localized areas, especially the posterior neck.
- What are Mongolian spots?
- Bluish, bruiselike markings on the lower back, buttocks or the upper back, arms , thighs or abdomen.
- Which ethnic groups have Mongolian spots, and are they contagious?
- Most blacks, Asians, Native Americans and some whites.