History Quarter 2 test
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- Kepler
- astonomer who discovered planets move in elliptical orbits
- Locke
- Englishman who believed government should protect the natural rights of people
- Voltaire
- French philosophe who urged religious toleration
- Newton
- invented calculus, discovered the law of gravity
- Harvey
- English doctor who studied blood circulation
- Rousseau
- French philosophe who believed all people are equal
- Bach
- is best known for his religious music
- Descartes
- "I think, therefore I am."
- Diderot
- French philosophe who assembled a 35 volume Encyclopedia
- Montesquieu
- French noble who disscussed the separation of powers
- philosophe
- thinker who believed that progress would be brought about by science and reason
- physiocrat
- thinker who believed that the land was the true source of wealth
- free market
- the selling and buying of goods without restrictions
- enlightened monarch/despot
- ruler concerned with the welfare of the people
- salon
- informal gathering of writers and artists
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t/f
the scientific method was first developed by Aristotle - false
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t/f
the law of gravity states that blood circulates through the body - false
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t/f
Many scholars rejected the teachings of Copernicus because they thought Ptolemy and other ancient thinkers could not have been wrong - true
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t/f
the author of the Leviathan was John Locke - false
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t/f
The center of philosophe activity was Paris - true
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t/f
In The Social Contract, Rousseau argued that people could never be equal - false
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t/f
Rousseau said that human nature was basically good, but people were corrupted by living in society - true
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t/f
During the Enlightenment many philosophers thought that people have natural rights - true
- The scientific method is based on...
- experimentation and observation
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which of the following is not a part of the scientific method:
a. obseravation c. reason
b. experiment d. reliance on authority - d. reliance on authority
- Copernicus stated that...
- the earth revolves around the sun
- Kepler proved that...
- the earth and the planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits
- what is Sir Isaac Newton associated with?
- law of gravity, calculus
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Which is correctly paired?
a. Newton-Calculus
b. Galileo-Law of Graviity
c. Kepler-ointment for wounds
d. Harvey-smallpox vaccine - a. Newton-Calculus
- Thomas Hobbes supported a scoiety in which...
- a monarch had absolute power
- According to Hobbes, people give up their freedon to an absolute ruler in return for...
- peace and order
- Unlike Hobbes, Locke argued that...
- people have the right to overthrow a tyrannical ruler
- Philosophes urged governments to...
- stop press censorship
- Physiocrats supported...
- a free market system
- The Social Contract, the "noble savages" and the "genreal will" are all associated with...
- Rousseau
- During the 1700's, Enlightenment ideas...
- influenced people's attitudes throughout Europe
- The purpose of the separation of powers in government, according to Montesquieu, was to...
- protect the liberties of people
- "Whosoever in authority exceeds the power given to him by law...may be opposed." This statement by Locke supports the idea of...
- rebellion
- Government and Church officials fought against Enlightenment ideas with...
- censorship
- Thinkers during the Age of Reason challenged the established social order by...
- calling for a just society based on reason
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Which of the following ideas would not be held by most philosophes:
a. reason be used at all times
b. there should be schools only for the rich, education is not for everyone
c. freedon of religion, speech and the press should be enjoyed by all -
b. there should be schools only for the rich, education is not for everyone
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a/d
The Renaissance sweeping across Western Europe - approve
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a/d
Louis XIV ruling as an absolute monarch - disapprove
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a/d
Religious conflicts between Catholics and Protestants - disapprove
- Jacobins
- Radical controllers of the National Convention
- Conscription
- Drafting citizens into the country's military
- Girondists
- Moderate members of the National Convention
- The First Estate
- Catholic clergy in France
- Emigres
- French nobles who fled the country
- The Second Estate
- French Nobles
- Bourgeoisie
- Wealthy middle class professionals
- Commitee of Public Safety
- Set up to protect France from its enemies
- Robespierre
- A leader of the Jacobins
- Old Regime
- Social/Political system of France in the 1700's
- Which group made up the majority of French society?
- the Third Estate
- Who were most affected by increases in the price of food?
- urban workers and peasants
- What contributed to France's financial crisis?
- bad harvests
- Why did Louis XVI finally agree to summon the Estates General?
- France was on the verge of bankruptcy, and riots were spreading
- What did the National Assembly vow in the Tennis Court Oath?
- to draft a constitution for France
- The sans-culottes and Jacobins demanded...
- a republic
- What was a long term cause for the French Revoultion?
- inequality of the Old Regime
- What is true concerning the Committee of Public Safety?
- Led by Robespierre, goal was to protect France from internal and esternal threats to the Revolution, started a period known as the Reign of Terror
- Who sat on the far left in the National Convention?
- Emigres
- What group served as a catalyst for the French Revolution?
- bourgeoisie
- the nobility of France
- Second Estate
- French National Anthem
- "Marseillaise"
- traditional political and social system of France
- Old Regime
- Paris Prison fortress
- Bastille
- political exile
- emigre
- Tennis Court Oath
- bound reform-minded members of the Estates General to work together to give France a constitution
- Civil Constitution of the Clergy
- gave the French government control of the Catholic Church
- Committee of Public Safety
- ruled with dictatorial powers during the Reign of Terror
- Declaration of the Rights of Man
- stated democratic principles that French revolutionaries wanted government based on
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t/f
the crisis that caused Louis XVI to summon the Estates General was a shortage of money in the French treasury - true
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t/f
The Declararion of the Rights of Man called for an end to monarchy - false
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t/f
Emigres were aristocrats who fled France during the Revolution - true
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t/f
Marie Antoinette was an Austrian - true
- The Jacobins were the most radical group leading the French Revolution
- true
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t/f
the only responsibility of the Committee of Public Safety was to deal with foreign threats - false
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t/f
The Constitution of 1795 established the right of all Frenchmen to vote - true
- The Third Estate consisted of...
- the middle class and the poor
- Under the Old Regime, the burden of paying taxes fell largely on the...
- Third Estate
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which of the following was not one of the problems faced by France during the years immediately preceding the Revolution:
a. civil war
b. food shortages
c. government debt
d. an antiquated tax system - a. civil war
- At the meeting of the Estates General, the Third Estate wanted to...
- have the three estates meet together
- The Constitution of 1791, written by the National Assembly...
- established the limited monarchy on France
- what group sat on the left side of the Legislative Assembly when it met in 1791?
- radical revolutionaries
- Louis XVI was convicted of...
- treason
- After the execution of Louis XVI, France was governed as...
- a republic
- The Reign of Terror occurred at a time when...
- the revolution was facing foreign and domestic threats
- During the Reign of Terror, Robespierre tried to...
- crush all opposition to the revolution
- With the establishment of the National Convention, the French Revolution became more...
- radical
- Many people were dissatisfied with the government of the Directory because...
- the Directory was corrupt and inefficient
- The Napoleonic Code was important because it...
- gave France a uniform code of law
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Which of the following was not a result of Napoleon's conquests in Europe?
a. the Continental system succeeded
b. Nationalism grew
c. Monarchs were overthrown
d. Revolutionary ideas spread beyond France - a. the Continental system grew
- What European country was Napoleon unable to conquer?
- Britain
- What was the result of Napoleon's invasion of Russia?
- the defeat of the French
- What was part of Napoleon's legacy to France
- greater access to education
- Leaders from what three countries led the Congress of Vienna?
- Austria, Russia, Britain
- What was the goal of the Vienna peacemakers when they redrew the map of Europe?
- to contain French ambitions of expansion
- What did the statesmen who attended the Congress of Vienna fail to forsee?
- future conflicts caused by nationalism
- Jacobins are...
- Radicals
- Girondists are...
- Moderates
- Emigres are...
- Reactionaries
- First Estate is...
- Reactionaries
- Radical
- favors making extreme changes
- Liberal
- favors making changes, reluctant to accept status quo
- Moderate
- favors the status quo, but open to change
- Conservative
- resistant to change
- Reactionary
- favors a return to the past
- peninsulares
- names the people at the top of Spanish American society
- creoles
- used in Latin America to describe Spaniards born in Latin America
- mestizos
- used in Latin America to describe people of mixed European and Indian ancestry
- Simon Bolivar
- The Liberator
- Miguel Hidalgo
- He was a priest who was also a skilled military leader
- Toussaint L'Ouverture
- Led a slave revolt that ended slavery on Hispaniola
- Jose Maria Morales
- priest who issued the Grito de Dolores, a call for a peasant rebellion in Mexico
- mulattos
- used in Latin America to describe people of mixed European and African ancestry
- Jose de San Martin
- After winning independence for Argentina and Chile, he gave up command of his army
- Spain
- Country that controlled much of Latin America
- In the first half of the 1800's, a political liberal was most likely to be...
- a middle class merchant
- a key characteristic of nationalism is...
- a shared culture
- the elected ruler of France who declared himself emperor was...
- Louis-Napoleon
- By 1849, most of Europe was under the control of the...
- conservatives
- The Edict of Emancipation was issued by...
- Alexander II
- How successful were the Revolutions of 1830 and 1848?
- none achieved their goals
- nationalism was a force that...
- tore apart centuries-old empires, gave rise to the nation-state, was opposed by conservatives
- In early 19th century Europe, one political goal of the liberals was to...
- give more power to elected parliaments
- The uprisings in 1848 resulted in...
- The resignation of Metternich
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Which of the following was probably not influenced by nationalism during the 1800's?
a. groups uniting against an oppressive monarchy
b. an empire that crumbles into independent states
c. an empire granting long-needed social reforms
d. groups - d. groups accepting a long-established form of government
- Adam Smith
- father of capitalism, believed in laissez-faire
- Henry Bessemer
- developed technique to make steel
- Karl Marx
- believed all workers were taken advantage of by owners
- Robert Owen
- father of Utopianism, workers and owners in harmony
- labor
- the workers
- management
- those who oversee production
- capital
- money used to invest
- entrepreneur
- a business man seeking to make a profit
- industrialization
- production of goods utilizing factories
- enclosure movement
- fencing off common farm land
- cartel
- group of corporations controlling an industry
- proletariat
- the workers
- cottage industry
- producing goods at home
- union
-
organization of workers, fight for workers' rights
- economic system in which all means of production is owned by the government (developed by Karl Marx)
- communism
- Woman's suffrage gives women the right to...
- vote
- Church movement that tried to improve the lives of the poor
- social gospel
- This freed up people to move to the cities and work in the factories
- agricultural revolution
- a society the produces most of its goods in factories is an
- industrial society
- Term meaning literally "hands off", Adam Smith's idea that government should not interfere with business
- laissez-faire
- Process whereby people move to the cities
- urbanization
- Marked by prejudice and discrimination towards others based on one's skin color
- racism
- Production in homes was known as the...
- cottage industry
- Business owned by many investors who buy shares of stock and risk only the amount of their investment
- corporation