Islamic History
Terms
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- What is the discussion of the practical application of reason centered on one particular method that Islam scholars called_____?
- Qiyas
- What is the normative example of the Prophet?
- the Sunna
- Where can the definitive answers to moral and legal question be found?
- the Quran and the Sunna
- The process of seeking to understand God's law was called?
- fiqh
- Scholars who engaged in the process of seeking to understand God's law were called what?
- fuqaha
- What is the sum of all God's rulings on human actions?
- Sharia
- What are the schools of law termed as?
- madhhabs
- What were the four major groupings of Sunni legal scholars called?
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Hanafi
Maliki
Shafii
Hanabali - Which school of Islamic law was associated with the city of Kufa; allowing higher juristic flexibility through personal judgement;Abu Yusuf and al-Shaybani;Central Asia, Turkey, Cair, Nile Delta in Egypt, and Indian subcontinent
- Hanafi(Abu Hanifa)
- Which school of Islamic law was associated with acceptance of practice of the people of Medina;Muwatta, attributed to Malik;Mudawwana of Sahnun;North African, Upper Egypty
- Maliki(Malik ibn Anas)
- Which school of Islamic law was associated with Islamic legal theory, similar to Maliki law; Malaysia, Indonesia, southern Arabia, East Africa, and parts of Upper Egypt
- Shafi i
- Which school of Islamic law was associated with emphasis on hadith and sometimes considered a grouping of traditionists;Ibn Taymiyya;opposition to taqlid;insistence on going back to Quran and Sunna;official and dominant madhhab in Saudi Arabia
- Hanbali
- What is the office of judge handing down legal decisions called?
- qadi
- Recommended acts are called?
- mandub
- Discouraged acts are called?
- makruh
- Legal rulings or practical questions?
- fatwas
- Not an individual but a collective enterprise?
- Fiqh
- Consensus or community decisively in favor?
- Ijma
- Branch of scholarship, the study of the roots of jurisprudence was called?
- Usul al-Fiqh
- What were the sources and principles of Islamic Law? 9
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Quran
Sunna
Qiyas
Ijma
Ijithad
Taqlid
Istihan
Istislah
Darura - Sources or principle of Islamic law that is the basic source for knowledge of divine commands?
- Quran
- Sources or principle of Islamic law that is the most important material source of law; words and action of Mhmd.; contained and transmitted in hadith literature?
- Sunna
- Sources or principle of Islamic law that is a means of applying a known command from the two basic sources to a new circumstance by means of anlalogical reasoning;rationale of command is known;similar cases can be judged according to the same rationale
- Qiyas
- Sources or principle of Islamic law that is the consensus of Muslims on a point of law?
- Ijma
- Sources or principle of Islamic law that is the toil or effort by a scholar in seeking to discover the intent of the Lawgiver on a given point of law;not a source;reference to the process by which the law is elaborated
- Ijithad
- Jurists qualified to excercise ijtihad?
- mujtahid
- Sources or principle of Islamic law that is adherence to authoritative precedent;limited to application of established rulings;everyone not a genius?
- Taqlid
- Sources or principle of Islamic law that is the application of the jurist's personal judgement allowing him to depart from strict application of qiyas;defended by Hanafi;criticized by al-Shafii's
- Istihsan
- Sources or principle of Islamic law that is the overruling of strict application on the baisis of considerations of the public good?
- Istislah
- Sources or principle of Islamic law that is the pricnciple of necessity according to an established rule of law; suspended in dire circumstances?
- Darura
- Sources of Law?
- Usul al-Fiqh
- What is a method of conveying the Sunna; story that tells how the prophet recacted in certain situations?
- Hadith
- Chaining of authorities who authenticate hadith;gives series of lengths leading back to eyewitness reports?
- Isnad
- What was the biographical literature regarding people in Isnad called?
- Tabaqat Literature
- Persons having knowledge relating to religion?
- Ulama (Sing. Alim)
- Who was the author of the hadiths?
- Al-Bukhari
- Pre-Islamic Arabia mediator or judge helping or resolving a dispute?
- Hakam
- Consultant to judge, renders advice to judge?
- Mufti
- Rememberance, could involve repeated recitation of prayers; could have dance and music; ritual used by Suffis to detach themselves from material world;becoming more at one with God
- dhikr
- Suffi order?
- tariqa
- Leader of tariqa;spiritual guide?
- shaikh/pir/murshid
- Place to meet people of the order?
- Zawiyya
- Poor?
- faqir
- Brother?
- Ikhwan
- What is the reform for Islam by going back to early Islamic Principles termed?
- Salifiyya Movement
- Supervision by the Leauge of Nations, ensuring World War and Peace?
- Mandate System
- Period of administrative reform?
- Tanzimat Era