Abdomen Overview
Terms
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- Lines interior aspect of anterolateral abdominal walls:
- Parietal Peritoneum
- Lines abdominal viscera (organs)
- Visceral Peritoneum
- Space created between Parietal and Visceral Peritoneum layers
- Peritoneal cavity
- What fills the Peritoneal cavity?
- Parietal fluid
- Abdominal cavity is part of the:
- Abdominopelvic cavity
- Abdominal cavity extends between:
- Thoracic diaphragm and Pelvic diaphragm
- What intercostal space marks the superior border of abdominal cavity?
- 4th
- Lines that divide the abdominal region into 9 areas:
-
Superior: Subcostal line
Inferior: Interspinous line
Vertical: Midclavicular lines - What are the 9 abdominal regions?
-
Sup: R/L Hypochondriac, Epigastric
Mid: R/L Lumbar, Umbilical
Inf: R/L Iliac, Hypogastric -
Dermatome at the level of:
-Nipple
-Umbilicus
-Lower abdomen/pubic region -
Nipple = T4
Umbilicus = T10
Ilioinguinal/hypogastric = L1 - 5 Contents of Right upper quadrant:
-
Liver
Gallbladder
Hepatic flexure of colon
Pyloric region of stomach
Small intestine (part) - 5 Contents of Left upper quadrant:
-
Stomach
Left lobe of Liver
Splenic flexure of colon
Portion of small intestine
Spleen - 5 Contents of Right lower quadrant:
-
Ascending colon
Small intestine (part)
Appendix
Right ovary/fallopian tube
Ureter (right) - 5 Contents of Left lower quadrant:
-
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Left Ovary/fallopian tube
Ureter (left)
Sm. intestine (part) - Acronyms for 4 quadrants:
-
RUQ = LGHSP
LUQ = SLSBS
RLQ = ASAUR
LLQ = DSLUS - 2 types of superficial fascia in abdominal wall:
-
-Campers (superficial/fatty)
-Scarpa's (deeper/fibrous) - Where does Scarpa's fascia end inferiorly?
- Blends with thigh fascia
- Innermost layer of muscle in abdominal wall:
- Transversus abdominis
- What layer lies deep to Transversus abdominis?
- Endopelvic fascia - aka, Transversalis fascia
- What lies deep to transversalis fascia?
- Layer of fat, then, PARIETAL PERITONEUM
- Name of strap muscle stretching down length of stomach from xiphoid process to pubic symphysis/crest?
- Rectus abdominis
- What ensheaths Rectus abdominis?
- Aponeuroses of lateral abdominal muscles.
- Origin of the External Obliques:
- Lower 8 ribs
- Insertion of External Obliques:
- Linea Alba - the line where opposite side aponeuroses meet.
- Where is the Aponeurosis of External obliques in reference to Rectus abdominis?
- Anterior
- Where does External oblique aponeurosis insert inferiorly?
-
ASIS - ant superior iliac spine
-Stretches down to pubic tubercle to form INGUINAL LIGAMENT - So the inguinal ligament is formed from what?
- External oblique aponeurosis
- Origin of Internal oblique:
-
-Lumbar fascia
-Iliac crest
-Lateral 2/3 of Inguinal ligament - Where is the Arcuate line?
- Halfway between belly button and pubic tubercle.
- What does the interior oblique aponeurosis do above arcuate line? Below it?
-
Superior: Encloses (encircles) rectus abdominis
Inferior: passes anterior to rectus abdominis - Where does the inferior part of Internal obliques insert?
- Symphysis Pubis
- What happens to the Internal oblique aponeurosis at its insertion at Symphysis pubis?
- Fuses with aponeurosis of Transversus abdominis to make CONJOINT TENDON
- Origin of Transversus Abdominis:
-
-Lower 6 ribs
-Lumbar fascia
-Iliac Crest -
Re: arcuate line Transversus Abdominis Aponeurosis runs where
-Superiorly
-Inferiorly -
Superior: behind rectus muscle
Inferior: anterior to rectus muscle - What happens to the inferior fibers of Transversus abdominis?
- Fuse w/ Internal oblique insertion at Symphisis Pubis to become CONJOINT TENDON (as above)