A&P I
Terms
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- Integumentary System
-
skin, hair, nails, sweat and oil glands
forms covering for the body
protects deeper tissues
- what is the larges organ of the body?
-
the skin
- skeletal system
-
composed of bone, cartilage and ligaments
provides support and protection as well as framework for muscles - where are blood cells formed?
- in the red bone marrow of long bones
- muscular system
-
composed of muscles and tendons
allows movement, manipulation of the environment and facial expression
- which organ system produces heat?
- muscular system
- muscles are held together by what?
- tendons
- the nervous system
-
composed of the brain, spinal column and nerves
nerves leave both the brain and spine
fast acting control system of the body
responds to stimuli by activating muscles and glands - cardiovascular system
- composed of the heart and blood vessels
- what is the difference between red and blue blood?
-
red blood is oxygenated
blue blood is de-oxygenated - what is the job of blood vessels?
-
to transport blood throughout the body
- lymphatic system
-
composed of red bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels
picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood
disposes of debris in the lymphatic stream
houses white blood cells involved with immunity - respiratory system
-
composed of the nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs and larynx (voice box)
keeps blood supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide - digestive system
-
composed of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus, and liver
breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood
eliminates indigestible foodstuffs as feces - urinary system
- composed of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra
- what is the main function of the urinary system?
-
to eliminate nitrogenous waste from the body
regulate water, electrolyte and pH balance of the blood - male reproductive system
- composed of prostate gland, penis, testes, scrotum, and ducts deferens
-
what is the main function of the male reproductive system?
how is this done? -
produce offspring
the testes produce sperm and male sex hormones
the ducts and glands deliver sperm to the female reproductive tract - female reproductive system
-
composed of mammary glands, ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus and vagina
-
what is the main function of the female reproductive system?
how is this function carried out? -
the production of offspring
the ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones
mammary glands, uterine tubes, uterus and vagina serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus - axil refers to ...
- the head, neck and trunk
- appendicular refers to...
-
appendages or limbs
- what are the two subdivisions of the dorsal cavity?
- the cranial cavity
- dorsal cavity
- protects the nervous system and is divided into two subdivisions
- cranial cavity
- within the skull and encases the brain
- vertebral cavity
- runs within the vertebral column and encases the spinal cord
- what are the two body cavities?
- dorsal and ventral
- ventral cavity
- houses the internal organs
- what are the two subdivisions of the ventral cavity?
- thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
- thoracic cavity
- subdivided into the pleural cavities, the mediastinum and the pericardial cavity
- pleural cavities
- each house a lung
- mediastinum
- contains the pericardial cavity and surrounds the remaining thoracic organs
- pericardial cavity
- encloses the heart
- the abdominopelvic cavity
-
separated from the superior thracid cavity by the dome-shaped diaphragm
composed of two subdivisions, abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity - abdominal cavity
- contains the stomach, intestines, spleen, liver and other organs
- pelvic cavity
- lies within the pelvis and contains the bladder, reproductive organs and rectum
- parietal serosa
- lines the internal body cavities
- visceral serosa
- lines the internal organs
- serous fluid
-
separates the parietal and visceral serosae
- what is the purpose of the serous fluid?
- to keep the organs from sticking together
- the 9 abdominopelvic regions
-
right hypochondriac region
right lumbar region
right iliac (inguinal) region
epigastric region
umbilical region
hypogastric (pubic) region
left hypochondriac region
left lumbar region
left iliac (inguinal) region - superior
- above
- inferior
- below
- cephalic
- above
- caudal
- below
- anterior
- closer to the front of the body
- ventral
- closer to the front of the body
- posterior
- closer to the back of the body
- dorsal
- closer to the back of the body
- medial
- midline of the body
- lateral
- farther from the midline of the body
- intermediate
- between two structures
- ipsilateral
- on the same side of the body
- contralateral
- on opposite sides of the body
- proximal
- nearer to the point of attachment of limb to trunk
- distal
- farther from the point of attachment of limb to trunk
- superficial
- closer to surface of the body
- deep
- farther from the surface of the body
- frontal plane
- cuts the body into anterior and posterior parts
- midsaggital plane
- cuts the body into left and right sides
- oblique
- passes through the body at an angle
- parasagittal plane
- divides the body into unequal right and left portions
- transverse plane
- divides the body into superior and inferior sections
- negative feedback systems
- the output shuts off the original stimulus
- positive feedback systems
- output enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus