CHM1000
Part 1
Terms
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- Robert Boyle
- who came up with the idea that more pressure = less volume in gas
- theronuclear reactions
- reactions that take place in the sun
- chemical change
- a change in the chemical identity of matter into other substances that are chemically different
- critical mass
- the amount of the mass of an atom needed to sustain the fission reaction
- ionizing radiation
- radiation with enough energy to knock electrons from atoms and molecules, converting them into ions
- nucleons
- protons and neutrons collectively are called what?
- sig figures
- With multiplication and division, sig figures are determined by the number with the least...
- Mole (mol)
- Amount of substance is measured in...
- tracers
- radioisotopes are used as ___________ in physical, chemical nd biological systems
- proton
- positive charge in the nucleus
- physical change
- alteration in the physical appearance of matter without changing its chemical identity or composition
- homogeneous or heterogeneous
- Mixtures can either be _________or_________
- atomic number
- the number of protons and the letter Z represents what with an element
- liquid
- occupies a definite volume but assumes the shape of the occupied portion of its container
- Universal
- In order to be considered a scientific law, a theory must be deemed...
- ionic bonds
- the attractive forces between positive and negative electrons
- radioisotopes
- nuclei that undergo decay
- isoelectronic
- elements with the same electronic configuration
- Kilograms (kg)
- Mass is measured in...
- excited state
- when an electron jumps from the lowest level to a higher level due to heat or energy, it is in what state?
- Candelas (cd)
- Luminous intensity is measured in...
- nuclear fusion
- energy obtained from combining small atoms to form larger ones with mroe stable nuclei
- chain reaction
- fission in one atom triggering fission in another is called a...
- quantum
- a tiny unit of energy, the value of which depends on the frequency
- breeder reactor
- production of more fule with fissionable atoms
- Alchemy
- a mystical mixture of chemistry and magic that flourished in Europe during the middle ages
- Francis Bacon
- Argued toward experimental science
- valence electrons
- electrons on the outter most shell
- triple bond
- a covalent linkage in which two atoms share three pairs of electrons
- core electrons
- electrons on the inner shells
- group
- vertical column also known as a family in the periodic table
- covalent bond
- bond formed by a shared pair of electrons
- Basic research
- the search for knowledge for its own sake
- substance
- has a definite or fixed composition that does not vary from on sample to another
- Lewis symbols
- symbolic dots standing for valance electrons
- Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier
- The father of modern chemistry
- Main group element
- an element in an A group is aka a...
- Solutions
- Homogeneous mixtures are also called what?
- Noble Gases
- group 8A on the periodic table
- neutron
- particle with about the same mass as a proton but with no electric charge in the nucleus
- nonmetals
- elements to the right of the stepped line are....
- bonding pair
- a shared pair of electrons in two elements
- ground state
- atoms whose electrons are situated are said to be in their...
- Meters (m)
- Length is measured in...
- periodic table
- Mendeleev's arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic mass
- applied research
- work oriented toward the solution of a particular problem in industry or the environment
- gas
- maintains neither shape nor volume
- second, meter, ampere, candela, kilogram, kelvin, and mole
- What are the seven SI Base Units (S.M.A.C.K. K.M.)
- double bond
- a covalent linkage in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons
- alpha particle
- has a mass 4x that of a hydrogen atom and a charge twice the magnitude but opposite in sign to an electron
- molecule
- a group of atoms chemically bonded or connected together
- binding energy
- energy used to hold the nucleons together in the nucleus, produced from protons and neutrons combining to form atomic nuclei
- Mass
- a measure of the quantity of matter that an object has
- polar covalent bond
- when the electrons in a covalent bond are not equally shared
- Halogens
- group 7A elements on the periodic table
- atomic theory
- Dalton's explination of the various laws of matter is explain by his...
- Density
- The quantity of mass per unit of volume is equal to its...
- Technology
- the application of knowledge for practical purposes
- atomic number (Z)
- the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of any element is the ____________ of that element
- nuclear reactor
- area in which nuclear fission reactions can be controlled
- Seconds (s)
- Time is measured in...
- law of multiple proportions
- law that elements might combine in more than one set of proportions, with each set corresponding to a different compound
- valence electron
- an electron in the outer most shell of an atom is called a...
- Kelvins (K)
- Temperature is measured in...
- transition element
- an element in a B group is aka a...
- scientific laws
- large amounts of scientific data can sometimes be summarized in brief statements called...
- Alkaline earth metals
- metals in group 2A on the periodic table
- Thomas Malthus
- Wrote "Essay upon the Principles of Population" claimed population growth would cause famine
- SI Units
- The measurement system agreed on for measurement
- Physical property
- physical characteristic or behavior, ie color, odor, and hardness
- isotopes
- atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
- hypothesis
- An explanation of testable data is called a...
- Alkali metals
- metals in group 1A on the periodic table
- Matter
- stuff that makes up all material things or anything that occupies space and mass
- Theoretical
- Philosophical is the same as...
- law of definite proportions
- law that a compound always contains the same element in certain definite proportions and in no other combinations
- metal
- has a characteristic luster and generally is a good conductor of heat and electricity
- gamma rays
- a form of energy not deflected by a magnetic field with no mass nor charge
- chemical property
- describes how a substance reacts with other types of matter
- Rachel Carson
- Author of "Silent Spring" against areal pesticides for insects
- 1 Liter
- 1 cublic decimeters or 1000 cubic centimeters is equal to how many liters?`
- Significant Figures
- The digits that count for an answer are aka...
- Natural philosophy
- Science grew from what type of study
- electronegativity
- a measure of the attraction of an atom in a molecule for a pair of shared electrons
- scientific models
- tangible items such as pictures used to represent invisible processes
- nuclear fission
- splitting of nuclei in atoms
- Kinetic Molecular Theory
- Evaporation model where water molecules get trapped between air molecules is aka what theory?
- decimal places
- With addition and subtraction, sig figures are determined by the number with the least...
- scientific theory
- A tested hypothesis is called a...
- Desirability Quotient
- Calculating the Benefits over the Risks is known as what formula?
- compound
- substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined
- Element
- one of the fundamental substances from which all material things are constructed
- mass number
- the letter A also represents what with an element
- Theories
- What ideas are good for predictive value
- nonpolar covalent bond
- when the electrons in a covalent bond are equally shared
- solid
- an object that maintains its shape and volume regardless of its location
- Weight
- measure of force
- background radiation
- radiation that is always present
- half life
- the period in which one half of the original number of atoms in an isotope undergo radioactive decay to form a new element
- energy level
- a specified energy value for an electron is called its...
- nonmetals
- element that lacks metallic properties
- Predictive, Explanatory, Reproducible, Testable and Tentative
- Science is P.E.R.T.T aka...
- electron capture
- a process in which a nucleus absorbs an electron from an inner electron shell, usually the first or second
- mass before = mass after
- Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier came up with what theory dealing with changes in a closed system?
- octet rule
- concept that elements attempt to form the characteristic of noble gases having 8 valence electrons
- Amperes (A)
- electric current is measure in...
- radioactive decay
- the result of unstable nuclei
- positron
- a particle equal in mass but opposite in charge to the electron
- chemical symbol
- elements are represented by a ________ on the periodic table
- lone pairs
- electrons that stay on one atom and are not shared
- mass number (A)
- number of protons plus the number of neutrons
- electron configuration
- the arrangement of electons in shells is known as its...
- mass energy equation
- E=mc^2 is called the ...
- beta particle
- a type of particle also known as an electron
- Technological and Philosophical
- The material universe consists of what two facets?
- law of conservation of mass
- law that matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical change
- Factual
- Technological is the same as...
- Science
- an accumulation of knowledge about nature and our physical world and the theories that we use to explain that knowledge
- mixture
- combination of two or more substances
- period
- a horizontal row in the periodic table is called a...