This site is 100% ad supported. Please add an exception to adblock for this site.

CHM1000

Part 1

Terms

undefined, object
copy deck
Robert Boyle
who came up with the idea that more pressure = less volume in gas
theronuclear reactions
reactions that take place in the sun
chemical change
a change in the chemical identity of matter into other substances that are chemically different
critical mass
the amount of the mass of an atom needed to sustain the fission reaction
ionizing radiation
radiation with enough energy to knock electrons from atoms and molecules, converting them into ions
nucleons
protons and neutrons collectively are called what?
sig figures
With multiplication and division, sig figures are determined by the number with the least...
Mole (mol)
Amount of substance is measured in...
tracers
radioisotopes are used as ___________ in physical, chemical nd biological systems
proton
positive charge in the nucleus
physical change
alteration in the physical appearance of matter without changing its chemical identity or composition
homogeneous or heterogeneous
Mixtures can either be _________or_________
atomic number
the number of protons and the letter Z represents what with an element
liquid
occupies a definite volume but assumes the shape of the occupied portion of its container
Universal
In order to be considered a scientific law, a theory must be deemed...
ionic bonds
the attractive forces between positive and negative electrons
radioisotopes
nuclei that undergo decay
isoelectronic
elements with the same electronic configuration
Kilograms (kg)
Mass is measured in...
excited state
when an electron jumps from the lowest level to a higher level due to heat or energy, it is in what state?
Candelas (cd)
Luminous intensity is measured in...
nuclear fusion
energy obtained from combining small atoms to form larger ones with mroe stable nuclei
chain reaction
fission in one atom triggering fission in another is called a...
quantum
a tiny unit of energy, the value of which depends on the frequency
breeder reactor
production of more fule with fissionable atoms
Alchemy
a mystical mixture of chemistry and magic that flourished in Europe during the middle ages
Francis Bacon
Argued toward experimental science
valence electrons
electrons on the outter most shell
triple bond
a covalent linkage in which two atoms share three pairs of electrons
core electrons
electrons on the inner shells
group
vertical column also known as a family in the periodic table
covalent bond
bond formed by a shared pair of electrons
Basic research
the search for knowledge for its own sake
substance
has a definite or fixed composition that does not vary from on sample to another
Lewis symbols
symbolic dots standing for valance electrons
Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier
The father of modern chemistry
Main group element
an element in an A group is aka a...
Solutions
Homogeneous mixtures are also called what?
Noble Gases
group 8A on the periodic table
neutron
particle with about the same mass as a proton but with no electric charge in the nucleus
nonmetals
elements to the right of the stepped line are....
bonding pair
a shared pair of electrons in two elements
ground state
atoms whose electrons are situated are said to be in their...
Meters (m)
Length is measured in...
periodic table
Mendeleev's arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic mass
applied research
work oriented toward the solution of a particular problem in industry or the environment
gas
maintains neither shape nor volume
second, meter, ampere, candela, kilogram, kelvin, and mole
What are the seven SI Base Units (S.M.A.C.K. K.M.)
double bond
a covalent linkage in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons
alpha particle
has a mass 4x that of a hydrogen atom and a charge twice the magnitude but opposite in sign to an electron
molecule
a group of atoms chemically bonded or connected together
binding energy
energy used to hold the nucleons together in the nucleus, produced from protons and neutrons combining to form atomic nuclei
Mass
a measure of the quantity of matter that an object has
polar covalent bond
when the electrons in a covalent bond are not equally shared
Halogens
group 7A elements on the periodic table
atomic theory
Dalton's explination of the various laws of matter is explain by his...
Density
The quantity of mass per unit of volume is equal to its...
Technology
the application of knowledge for practical purposes
atomic number (Z)
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of any element is the ____________ of that element
nuclear reactor
area in which nuclear fission reactions can be controlled
Seconds (s)
Time is measured in...
law of multiple proportions
law that elements might combine in more than one set of proportions, with each set corresponding to a different compound
valence electron
an electron in the outer most shell of an atom is called a...
Kelvins (K)
Temperature is measured in...
transition element
an element in a B group is aka a...
scientific laws
large amounts of scientific data can sometimes be summarized in brief statements called...
Alkaline earth metals
metals in group 2A on the periodic table
Thomas Malthus
Wrote "Essay upon the Principles of Population" claimed population growth would cause famine
SI Units
The measurement system agreed on for measurement
Physical property
physical characteristic or behavior, ie color, odor, and hardness
isotopes
atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
hypothesis
An explanation of testable data is called a...
Alkali metals
metals in group 1A on the periodic table
Matter
stuff that makes up all material things or anything that occupies space and mass
Theoretical
Philosophical is the same as...
law of definite proportions
law that a compound always contains the same element in certain definite proportions and in no other combinations
metal
has a characteristic luster and generally is a good conductor of heat and electricity
gamma rays
a form of energy not deflected by a magnetic field with no mass nor charge
chemical property
describes how a substance reacts with other types of matter
Rachel Carson
Author of "Silent Spring" against areal pesticides for insects
1 Liter
1 cublic decimeters or 1000 cubic centimeters is equal to how many liters?`
Significant Figures
The digits that count for an answer are aka...
Natural philosophy
Science grew from what type of study
electronegativity
a measure of the attraction of an atom in a molecule for a pair of shared electrons
scientific models
tangible items such as pictures used to represent invisible processes
nuclear fission
splitting of nuclei in atoms
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Evaporation model where water molecules get trapped between air molecules is aka what theory?
decimal places
With addition and subtraction, sig figures are determined by the number with the least...
scientific theory
A tested hypothesis is called a...
Desirability Quotient
Calculating the Benefits over the Risks is known as what formula?
compound
substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined
Element
one of the fundamental substances from which all material things are constructed
mass number
the letter A also represents what with an element
Theories
What ideas are good for predictive value
nonpolar covalent bond
when the electrons in a covalent bond are equally shared
solid
an object that maintains its shape and volume regardless of its location
Weight
measure of force
background radiation
radiation that is always present
half life
the period in which one half of the original number of atoms in an isotope undergo radioactive decay to form a new element
energy level
a specified energy value for an electron is called its...
nonmetals
element that lacks metallic properties
Predictive, Explanatory, Reproducible, Testable and Tentative
Science is P.E.R.T.T aka...
electron capture
a process in which a nucleus absorbs an electron from an inner electron shell, usually the first or second
mass before = mass after
Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier came up with what theory dealing with changes in a closed system?
octet rule
concept that elements attempt to form the characteristic of noble gases having 8 valence electrons
Amperes (A)
electric current is measure in...
radioactive decay
the result of unstable nuclei
positron
a particle equal in mass but opposite in charge to the electron
chemical symbol
elements are represented by a ________ on the periodic table
lone pairs
electrons that stay on one atom and are not shared
mass number (A)
number of protons plus the number of neutrons
electron configuration
the arrangement of electons in shells is known as its...
mass energy equation
E=mc^2 is called the ...
beta particle
a type of particle also known as an electron
Technological and Philosophical
The material universe consists of what two facets?
law of conservation of mass
law that matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical change
Factual
Technological is the same as...
Science
an accumulation of knowledge about nature and our physical world and the theories that we use to explain that knowledge
mixture
combination of two or more substances
period
a horizontal row in the periodic table is called a...

Deck Info

120

permalink