MTEL General Curriculum
Terms
undefined, object
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- Main idea of a passage. A stated main idea is:
- explicit - it is directly expressed in a sentence or two in the paragraph or passage
- Main idea of a passage. An implied main idea is:
- suggested by the overall reading selection. Must formulate in your own words a main idea statement.
- syntax=
- sentence structure
- diction=
- word choice
- What two things are necessary to create tone?
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1) syntax (sentence structure)
2) diction (word choice) - Tone may be thought of as:
- positive, negative, or neutral
- Name two beginning reading approaches:
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1)Bottom-Up (Code Emphasis)
2)Top-Down (Meaning-Emphasis) - Bottom Up (Code Emphasis) beginning reading approach is:
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1)Letter sound regularity is stressed
2)letter-sound relationships are taught and mastered before introducing new words - Name some examples of Bottom-Up (Code Emphasis) beginning reading approach:
- Merrill Linguistics reading program, DISTAR Reading
- Top-Down (meaning emphasis) beginning reading approach is:
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1)reading for meaning is emphasized from the first stages
2)high frequency words - decoded by context,pictures,initial letters, and word configurations. Thus a letter may not have the same sound in different words throughout the story - Give some examples of Top-Down (meaning emphasis) beginning reading approach:
- whole language, language experience, individualized reading programs
- Name 6 Developmental reading approaches:
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1 - Basal Reading
2 - Phonics Approach
3 - Linguistics Approach
4 - Whole Language Approach
5 - Language Experience Approach
6 - Individualized Reading Approach - antonyms
- opposites, contrast
- Name the major literary genres
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allegory
ballad
drama
epic
epistle
essay
fable
legend
myth
novel
poem
romance
short story - define the literary genre allegory
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a story is verse or porse with characters representing virtues and vices. 2 meaning, symbolic and literal
ex:john bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress - define literary genre ballad
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story told or sung in verse and accompanied by music
ex: the rime of the ancient mariner - Define literary genre Drama
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typically 5 acts
comedy, modern, or tragedy
ex: shakespeare - define literary genre epic
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long poem usually of book length
ex: homer's the odyssey, illiad - define literary genre epistle
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a letter that is not always meant for public distribution
ex: paul wrote epistles in the bible - define literary genre essay
- limited length prose focusing on a topic propounding a definite point of view
- define literary genre legend
- traditional narrative popularly regarded as historically accurate but are actually a mix of fact and fiction
- define literary genre myth
- stories that are more or less universally shared within a culture to explain its history and traditions
- define literary genre poem
-
only requirement is rhythm
ode, sonnet, elegy, pastoral, villanelle - Piaget - Cognitive Development
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Sensory motor intelligence - birth to 2
preoperational thought -2 to 7
concrete operations - 7-11
formal operations - 11-15 - Kohlberg - Moral Reasoning
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Preconventional Level (right and wrong)
Conventional Leve (good values)
postconventional level (defines what is right independent of groups) - maslow - hierarchy of needs
- development can be influenced by how well biological, social, cognitive, and personal needs are met
- Erikson - psychosocial development
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stage 3 - 3-6 years Play Age - initiative vs guilt
Stage 4 - 6-12 years School age - industry vs. inferiority
Stage 5 - 13-adult Adolescence - identity vs role confusion - Skinner - Behaviorism and operant conditioning
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operant conditioning
rewarding to reinforce
withholding or punishing to distinguish - bandura - modeling
- can learn behaviors quickly through observation of others (people, tv, books, and verbally)
- Vygotsky - constructionism
- how children construct understanding of new material based on what they already know