A&P I Ch 14
Terms
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- The continuous one-way circuit of blood through the body in the bolld vessels
- Circulation
- Location of the heart
- Between the lungs and a bit to the left of the midline of the body
- The pointed, inferior portion of the heart
- Apex
- A thin, smooth layer of epithelial cells that lines the heart's interior
- Endocardium
- The heart muscle, the thickest layer, pumps blood through the vessels
- Myocardium
- A serous membrane that forms the thin, outermost layer of the heart wall
- Epicardium
- The sac that encloses the heart
- Pericardium
- The outermost, heaviest layer of the pericardium
- Fibrous pericardium
- Two layers of the pericardium serous membrane
-
Parietal layer - outer
Visceral layer - inner - Upper chambers of the heart
- Atria
- Blood-receiving chambers of the heart
- Atria
- Lower chambers of the heart
- Ventricles
- A thin-walled chamber that receives the blood returning from the body tissues
- Right atrium
- Pumps the venous blood received from the right atrium to the lungs
- Right ventricle
- Receives blood high in oxygen content as it returns from the lungs in pulminary veins
- Left Atrium
- The chamber with the tickest wall; pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body
- Left Ventricle
- Partions which completely separate the heart's chambers; consist largely of myocardium
- Septum
- Separates the two atria
- Interatrial septum
- Separates the two ventricles
- Interventricular septum
- Valve with three cusps; located between the right atrium and right ventricle
- Right Atrioventricular valve (tricuspid valve)
- Valve with two cusps; located between the left atrium and left ventricle
- Left Atrioventricular valve (mitral valve)
- Valve with three half-moon cusps; located at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
- Pulmonary semilunar valve
- Valve with three half-moon cusps; located at the entrance to the aorta
- Aortic semilunar valve
- A dialated vein that opens into the right atrium near the inferior vena cava
- Coronary sinus
- Special features of the myocardium
- Lightly striated Intercalated disks Branching of fibers
- First branches of the aorta; fill when heart relaxes
- Coronary arteries
- Collect venous blood from the heart and empties into the right atrium
- Coronary sinus
- Phases of the cardiac cycle
-
Diastolic - relaxation phase
Systolic - contraction phase - Volume pumped by each ventricle per minute
- Cardiac output
- Amount pumped with each beat
- Stroke volume
- Number of beats per minute
- Heart rate
- Node that initiates the heartbeats by generating an action potential at regular intervals; located in the upper wall of the right atrium
- Sinoatrial node (pacemaker)
- Node located between the atria and ventricles
- Atrioventricular node