1900-1918 Part 2
Terms
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- Ballinger-Pinchot Affair
- Taft cabinet members who had fought over conservation efforts; also how much efoort & money should be put into conserving national resources; Pinchot accused Ballinger of abandoning federal conservation policy
- Muller v Oregon
- 1908 - 10 hr workday for women; Supreme Court upheld Oregon state restrictions on the working hours of women as justified by the special state interest in protecting women's health
- Emilio Aguinaldo
- Leader of the Philippine rebellion
- New Freedom
- Woodrow Wilson's domestic policy that, promoted antitrust modification, tariff revision, and reform in banking and currency matters.
- Lochner v New York
- overturns new york law setting 8 hr maximum working hours for bakery workers- 1905
- Roosevelt Corollary
- Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force
- Food Administration
- This government agency was headed by Herbert Hoover and was established to increase the production of food and ration food for the military.
- Keating-Owen Child Labor Act
- prohibited sale of interstat commerce goods produced by children; 1916; aka Wick's Bill
- Hay-Buneau Varilla Treaty
- U.S. guarentee of independence for newly created Republic of Panama -1903 ; Something else with Columbia too
- Big Stick Policy
- Roosevelt's philosophy - In international affairs, ask first but bring along a big army to help convince them. Threaten to use force, act as international policemen
- "Good and Bad" Trusts
- T. Roosevelt thought all trusts were bad, but realized they were needed for economy so claimed some to be "good" Wilson was against them all
- Robert LaFollette
- Republican Senator from Wisconsin - ran for president under the Progressive Party - proponent of Progressivism and a vocal opponent of railroad trusts, bossism, World War I, and the League of Nations
- Pure Food and Drug Act
- Federal statute that prohibits selling bad food and establishes meat inspection. Leads way for the Food and Drug Administration 1906
- New Nationalism
- A system in which government authority would be balanced and coordinate economic activity. Government would regulate business., 1912, Theodore Roosevelt's policies as Progressive Party candidate
- Birth of a Nation
- Movie released in 1915 - promoted White supremecy and pro KKK - first blockbuster - D.W. Griffith
- "Black Jack" John Pershing
- lead American Expeditionary Force in WWI; chased after Pancho Via in trouble w/ Mexico
- Progressive Movement
- formed by MidWest Farmers, Socialists, and Labor Organizers; attacked monoplies, wanted other reforms, transportaiton regulation, 8-hr work day & income tax
- Great White Fleet
- Large U.S. naval force sent on a peaceful but highly visible voyage to Japan and elsewhere in 1907; sent by Roosevelt; to show world U.S. navy power
- D.W. Griffith
- film director of Birth of a Nation- controversial movie
- Northern Securities Case
- The Northern Securities Company was a holding company in 1902. The company was forced to dissolve after they were challenged by Roosevelt, his first trust-bust.
- Triple Wall of Privilege
- Banks, Tariff, and Trusts were the things Wilson tried to stop; 1913
- Jacob Riis
- 1900's muckraker journalist who exposed the poverty of immigrants living in slums and tenements of the US. He was an immigrant who used photography and wrote a book "How the Other Half Lives" to shed light on the poverty that lurked under the Gilded Age
- Wobblies
- aka International Workers of the World Labor Union; headed by Daniel Haywood; favored socialism
- Woodrow Wilson
- 14 Point Plan for Peace and U.S president during WWI; key figure in League of Nation
- Spheres of Influence
- areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly (ex. Europe and U.S. in China)
- Article X
- part of the Treaty of Versailles; created the League of Nations; morally bound U.S. to it
- Insular Cases
- Determined that inhabitants of U.S. territories had some, but not all, of the rights of U.S. citizens; in response to 1900 election; about new territories
- Reservationists
- senators who pledged to vote for Treaty of Versaillers; even if certain changes were made; led by Henry Cabot Lodge; upset with Article X
- Insurgent Revolt
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- Lusitania
- British passenger boat sunk by a German submarine that claimed 1,000 lives. One of main reasons Amereica decided to join the war. May 7, 1915
- Clayton Anti-trust Act
- 1914, law that weakend monopolies and upheld rights of unions, sought to strengthen the Sherman anti-trust act of 1890