Philosophy EXAM 1 Makeup
Terms
undefined, object
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- What does valid mean?
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In virtue of A's logical form, A's
conclusion must be true, if A's premises are all true. - What does sound mean?
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(1) A is valid, and (2) all of A's
premises are true. - What is modus ponens?
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1. If P then Q
2. P
3. Therefore Q - What is modus tollens?
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1. If P, then Q
2. Not Q
3. Therefore not P - What is the fundamental project of the normative ethics of behavior?
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The fundamental project of the normative ethics of behavior is
the attempt to discover, properly formulate, and defend a
criterion of moral rightness for act tokens. - What is an act type?
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An act type is a repeatable kind of action; something that can be
performed by different people at different times and places - What is an act token?
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An act token is morally right if and only if it is permissible,
OK, allowed, possible to do, "all right", acceptable from the
point of view of morality. - What is morally wrong?
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D1. An act token, x, is morally wrong =df. it would not be
morally right to perform x. - What is morally obligatory?
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D2. An act token, x, is morally obligatory =df. it would not be
morally right to fail to perform x. - What is a criterion?
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D3. C is a criterion of morally right action =df. C is a
non-trivial, interesting statement of this form:
S: An act token, x, is morally right if and only
if _____x_____ - What is 10C?
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10C: An act token, x, is morally right if and only if x does not
violate any of the Ten Commandments. - What is GHP?
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GHP: An act token, x, is morally right if and only if x leads to
the greatest happiness of the greatest number. - What is GR?
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GR: An act token, x, is morally right if and only if in doing x,
the agent of x treats others as he/she would have others treat
himself/herself. - What is a society?
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*D1. x is a society =df. x is a collection of people, living in
proximity to each other, sharing a language, religion, cuisine,
and culture. - What is a moral code?
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D2. C is the moral code of society x at time t =df. C is the
system of moral rules that is accepted among the members of
society x at t. - What is Cultural Relativism?
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CR: An act is morally right if and only if it is permitted by
the moral code of the society of its agent at the time of its
performance. - What is the divine command theory?
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DC: An act-token, A, is morally right if and only if A can be performed
without violating any of God's commands.