Ch. 30
Terms
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- Helsinki Accords
- The Final Act of the Helsinki conference in 1975 in which the thirty-five nations participating agreed that Europe's existing political frontiers could not be changed by force. They also solemnly accepted numerous provisions guaranteeing the human rights and political freedoms of their citizens.
- Czechoslovakia
- small revolutions until 1989
- Arab Oil Embargo
- On October 17, 1973 OPEC decided to cease oil shipments to any country that supported Israel in the Yom Kippur War with Syria and Egypt
- Middle East's Influence
- Sadam Hussein, Osama Bin Ladin, giving weapons to these countries
- Five-Year Plans
- were a series of nation-wide centralized exercises in rapid economic development in the Soviet Union.
- Tito
- he second president of Yugoslavia, he organized many anti-Soviet resistances.
- Neocolonialism
- a system designed to perpetuate Western economic domination and undermine the promise of political independence, thereby extending to Africa and much of Asia the economic subordination that the United States had established in Latin America in the nineteenth century. At the very least, enduring influence in sub-Saharan Africa testified to western Europe's resurgent economic and political power in international relations.
- Bay of Pigs
- JFK's mistake in Cuba
- November 9, 1989
- he sudden opening of the Berlin Wall dramatized the spectacular collapse of communism through eastern Europe. Built by Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev in 1961, the hated barrier had stopped the flow of refugees from East Germany to West Germany. Led to the fall of the communist East German government and led to a reform government and free elections.
- CIS
- Commonwealth of Independent States:(CIS) The independent republics (11 of them) of the old Soviet Union established a loose confederation known as this. Officially declared on Dec. 21 1991. his group played a minor role in the 1990's
- Cold War's Influence
- War of ideologies, Domino Effect, Vietnam, Korea
- COMECON
- This was an economic union between Communist States. This was the Communist equivalent to the European Economic Community
- USSR
- as a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.
- Democratic Revolution
- Poland, Czechoslovakia, Velvet revolutions, etc.
- SALT I
- Limited ICBMs and SLBMs
- Afghanistan
- "Russia's Vietnam", Bankrupted Russia.
- Red Scare in America
- McCarthy and what not in late 40's and 50's
- Walesa
- The leader of Solidarity and instrumental in the collapse of communism in Poland
- Arms Talks
- Between USSR and USA about getting rid of Shorter-range and intermediate missiles
- Warsaw
- The communist version of NATO
- Jaruzelski
- Communist leader of Poland who arrested Solidarity's leaders and continuously fought against Solidarity but was eventually overthrew by the Solidarity party.
- Decolonization
- as the rising demand of Asian and African people for national self-determination, racial equality, and personal dignity. This demand spread from intellectuals to the masses in nearly every colonial territory after the First World War. As a result, colonial empires had already been shaken by 1939, and the way was prepared for the eventual triumph of independence movement
- Dayton Peace Accords
- The peace agreement reached at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base near Dayton, Ohio in November 1995, and formally signed in Paris on December 14, 1995. These accords put an end to the three and a half year long war in Bosnia.
- Paris Accords
- A general peace treaty, bring an end to World War II and the cold war that followed. Twenty two European counties joined the United States and the Soviet Union in Paris and agreed to a scaling down of all their armed forces and affirmed that all existing borders in Europe were legal and valid.
- Gdansk Agreement
- he agreement that ended the eighteen days of shipyard occupation by sixteen thousand workers at the Lenin Shipyards who laid down their tools and occupied the plant. The workers joined "in solidarity," advancing revolutionary demands, including the right to form free trade unions, freedom of speech, release of political prisoners, and economic reforms, the government gave in and accepted the workers' demands with this agreement.
- Berlin Airlift
- After WWII, when tensions were high, this expensive means was used to feed capitalists in East Germany
- Politburo
- Short for Political Bureau, is the executive organization for a number of political parties in communist countries. Supreme Soviet
- Khrushchev's Fall
- came as a result of a conspiracy among the Party bosses, irritated by his erratic policies and cantankerous behavior, which was seen by the Party as an embarrassment on the international stage
- Three Baltic Republics
- Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
- Olympics
- Huge competition during Cold War. Soviets created Spartakiads and competed in it from 1928 on
- Kohl
- The chancellor of West Germany who instituted a ten-point plan for a step-by-step unification in cooperation of East Germany which included a one-for-one exchange of all East German marks in savings accounts and pensions into much more valuable West German marks. He was also involved in the institution of the European Union and was a member of the Christian Democrats.
- Velvet Revolution
- revolution in which protestors practically took control of the streets and forced the Communists into a power-sharing agreement, which quickly resulted in the resignation of thee Communist government (it was led by students, intellectuals, and a dissident playwright turned moral revolutionary named Václac Havel)
- Perestroika
- Restructuring of price controls and move toward free market
- Sputnik
- First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked US fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race
- NATO
- North Atlantic Trade Organization, military treaty
- Brandt
- est German chancellor flew to Poland in December 1970 and laid a wreath at the tomb of the Polish unknown soldier and another at the monument commemorating the armed uprising of Warsaw's Jewish ghetto
- Hungary
- Janos Kadar allowed liberalization in this country for political obedience
- INF Treaty
- Was an 1987 agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union. Signed in Washington, D.C. by U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Gorbachev on December 8, 1987. The treaty eliminated nuclear and conventional ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles with intermediate ranges, defined as between 500-5,500 km (300-3,400 miles). Under the treaty both nations were allowed to inspect each other's military installations.
- NPT
- Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (1968). Limits spread of nuclear weapons
- Ceausescu
- he leader of Romania from 1965 until 1989 when he was overthrown and sentenced to death.
- Glasnost
- "Openness," Gorbachev's bold and far-reaching campaign "to tell it like it is" was very successful and marked an astonishing break from the past governments which used censorship, dull uniformity, and outright lies to maintain control.
- Poland
- Rioted in 1956 in response to communism.