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AP US/VA History Test #1

Terms

undefined, object
copy deck
tea
popular import of colonies
pinon huts
When the marshlands dried up, Great Basin Indians depended on WHAT?
Columbian Exchange
"forced and unforced movements of people, animals, plants, and disease-bearing germs" (between Europe, West Africa, and the New World)
Christianity
Long-term effect of GA: led some Africans and Native Americans to combine traditional culture with what religion?
90%
what percent of indentured servants were unmarried males?
totem poles
display power in Northwest Coast villages
rationalists
emphasized that humans can/should better themselves
fertile land
What type of land in Cahokia?
women
Long-term effect of GA: who was given more prominence?
Quakers
Berkeley and Carter sold "New Jersey" to WHAT GROUP?
Great Awakening peak
1742
West Africans
In the "Atlantic World" what group of people were used as slaves?
Anthony Ashley Cooper
Who was a proprietor of North Carolina who offered immigrants "headrights" in 1669?
John Adams
rising young Massachusetts politician
Henry Hudson
Dutch explorer who sailed up the "Hudson River" (wink, wink, nudge, nudge), discovered land, claimed it for the Dutch
Quakers, Anglicans, and Congregationalists
Long-term effect of GA: marked decline in influence of what three religious groups?
Mississippians
first full-time farmers in the East who lived on the flood plains of the Mississippi River and its major tributaries
William Penn
a Quaker, proprietor of the last unallocated tract of American territory at the king's disposal
civil war
What erupted in 1642 in England when Charles I imposed taxes without Parliament consent?
fish, mussels, game, wild plants
Cahokia- river yielded WHAT? uplands yielded WHAT?
Hopewell culture
more complex and widespread culture than Adena
sugar cane
Dutch merchants encouraged English (and French) planters to raise and process WHAT?
New France
Champlain established what colony at Quebec in 1608?
Benjamin Franklin
1732- published "Poor Richard's Almanack", at 42 years old retire/devote time to science and community service, 1752- kite, lightning= electricity, 1743- "American Philosophical Society"
45%
percent of average rural voting
assembly
only political body subject to control by colonists, not English officials
Baptist and Presbyterian
Long-term effect of GA: increased membership for what churches?
Board of Trade
monitors American developments
"beaver wars"
between 1648 and 1657, Iroquois vs. Hurons and other French allies
Bill of Rights
foundation of politics and government in the colonies (English)
log cabin
New Sweden introduced...
religious colleges
Long-term effect of GA: led to formation of what institutions?
acorns
Native Americans on coast and in valleys of "California" coordinated processing WHAT?
Anne Hutchinson
argued that ministers who scrutinized a person's outward behavior for "signs" of salvation were discarding God's judgement in favor of their own (challenged New England Way)
New France
chief imports= wine and brandy, chief export= fur
John Rolfe
Englishman who married Pocahontas after the war
Farming
What north of Mesoamerica was difficult due to harsh environments and more practical alternatives to obtaining food?
plazas
Mississippian centers rose around what?
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania
Middle Colonies
tobacco, lumber, pitch
North Carolinians exported WHAT three goods? ("tarheels")
slash-and-burn
What method of farming did the Woodland people use because it was good economically and environmentally?
Royal African Company
During the 1690s, what group began shipping slaves directly to Chesapeake?
Bacon Rebellion
In response to Maryland's definition of slavery, some black and white laborers joined what group?
Incas
located in Andes Mountains on Western Coast of South America, constructed terraced irrigation systems
Enlightenment
ideas of English thinkers influenced by WHAT?
economically
1713= peace; Britain, France, and Spain focus on competing HOW? (not militarily)
Church of England
What was Virginia's established church? (unlike Puritan New England)
Netherlands
one of the most devoutly Calvinist regions of Europe
George Keith
urged Quakers to train ministers
Half-Way Covenant
children of baptized adults, (grandparents were saints though) could be baptized
half
How many of the "Mayflower" colonists died in the first four months while the rest were helped by English-speaking Native Americans?
Puritans
What group believed in emphasis on family structure with a male "head of household"?
separatist Puritans
About half of the expedition leaders and the members from the "Mayflower" were WHAT group?
trade/warfare
How was wealth of chiefs and elites strengthened in Northwest Coast villages?
Navigation Acts
articulated Britain's mercantilist policies, governed commerce between England and its colonies
bow and arrow
What did Eskimos and Aleuts introduce in North America?
Aztecs
migrated from the north during the 13th century, conquered cities around Lake Texcoco and eventually extended domain north to the Gulf Coast, capital was Tenochtitlan, created chinampas
King Philips' War
What war resulted in reducing southern New England's Indian population by 40%?
John Winthrop
Who had a vision of a "religiously-oriented community sustained by a sense of reciprocity"?
Colbert
France's most forceful proponent of mercantilism
Sir Isaac Newton
who stated Laws of Gravity?
Southwest
Except WHERE did men=women?
Cartier and Verrazano
first French explorers to North America were WHOM? (in 1541)
punish psychologically
Instead of punishing physically, how did Native Americans punish children?
Maryland
What state defined slavery as "a lifelong, inheritable racial status" in 1661? (and in 1670, Virginia defined it the same way also)
John Smith
Virginia company of London called on WHO for leadership? (he was my first crush hahaha)
Philadelphia
Penn arrived WHERE and called it "City of Brotherly Love"?
work gangs
John Smith organized WHAT to ensure sufficient housing and food for winter?
Glorious Revolution
colonial legislatures/assemblies = major political force
Roman Catholics
France and Spain limited non-slave immigration to WHAT GROUP during the first half of 18th century?
Cahokia
center of most powerful Mississippian centers, located near modern St. Louis, reigned supreme for about 2.5 centuries in the Mississippi valley?
mother's oldest brother
In some Native American societies, (ex: Iroquois) the primary male figure in a child's life was WHO?
West Indies
French planters import African slaves from WHERE to produce sugar
Northwest Coast villages
devoted brief annual periods to catching salmon (and other fish), stored and dried it, and ate it throughout the year?
Pacific Coast
sedentary societies (based on fishing or gathering) located WHERE?
patroons
Dutch name for "manor lords"
little farming
How much farming in Hopewell culture between 7th and 12th centuries AD?
Grand Banks fisheries
French (and other European fishermen) worked where?
English Catholics
Which religious group did Lord Baltimore wish to create a haven for?
Cromwell
After Charles I was beheaded by Puritans in 1649, what Puritan leader rose? (he raised New Englander's hopes of establishing a "truly reformed" church)
Governor William Cosby
1733- WHO suspended principal rival, Lewis Morris?
Christianity
When European farmers changed the landscape by deforestation and introduced new animals, it cut back on Native American resources, led to the demoralization of Native Americans, they began drinking (alcohol) and converted to WHAT religion?
Virginia Company
WHAT GROUP established the first representative legislature in North America in 1619?
Molasses Act of 1773
taxed all foreign molasses (6p/gallon)
John Locke
Cooper and HIS SECRETARY devised a plan for settlement and government, "Fundamental Constitutions of North Carolina"
trans-atlantic ports
by mid-century Philadelphia, New York City, Boston, and Charles Town had emerged as major WHATs?
Hopewell culture
spread from Ohio Valley to Iroquois River Valley
beaver skins
French traded with Beothuk Indians for WHAT item?
Queen Elizabeth I
What ruler of England shifted to a militantly anti-Catholic foreign policy?
South Carolinians
What group raised livestock and exported deerskins and Indian slaves?
Thomas Weston
Who sent colonists to Virginia in a ship called the "Mayflower"?
Battle of Lake Champlain
killed three war leaders of Mohawks, end of casual Indian-European encounters in the Northeast and the beginning of diplomacy
John Locke
English philosopher, 1690- "Essay Concerning Human Understanding", ideas aren't innate- toilsome investigation needed
diptheria
1737/1738- epidemic of WHAT disease?
Gilbert Tennent
1740- "The Danger of an Unconverted Ministry", undermined minister's authority -> creates uncertainty
New England Way
"establishing a colony based on religious ideals, separate from state"
Plymouth Bay
Where did the "Mayflower" land in November, 1620?
women
Who did most of the cultivating in farming societies?
Samuel D. Champlain
French sent WHAT other explorer to establish a colony in order to deter other European competitors?
indentured servants
Slavery replaced what group? (for economic reasons)
Quakers
What group was originated by George Fox, appealed strongly to people of lower status, emerged in the late 17th century, the core was the belief that the Holy Spirit, "Inner Light" could inspire every soul?
mercantilism
set of political-economic assumptions that are aimed at making a nation economically as self-sufficient as possible (was the root of imperial practices for Britain, France, and Spain
Carolina Piedmont
exports: grain, livestock, tobacco
grain, livestock, fish, lumber, or rum
60% of colonial exports were...
Cartier
What French explorer erected a fortified settlement on Stadacona Indian island, was involved in skirmishes, French abandoned colony (diseases), and brought people to St. Lawrence Valley initally?
military discipline
John Smith brought order through WHAT?
Spanish and civil war between French Catholics and Huguenots
French's colonization efforts hindered by what two factors?
Hopewell
Cahokia and other Mississippian societies drew on WHOSE beliefs as they developed institutions?
Sir Walter Raleigh
obtained a royal patent to start a colony in Roanoke Island
Indians
Who brough Cahokians raw materials?
Francis Drake
English explorer, sailed around the world (1577-1580)
buffalo
Favorite animal for Plains Indians to hunt
Mohawks
Dutch traders came to area that Hudson discovered, and traded with WHAT group of Indians? (after building Fort Nassau and establishing it as "New Netherland")
slavery
What did colonies officially recognize and regulate by law after 1660?
tobacco, rice, furs, indigo, and naval stores
mainland colonies' 5 major "enumerated" exports
George Whitefield
English preacher, inspired colonists to change Protestantism in British America
sea mammals/caribou
Western Alaska- Eskimos and Aleuts hunted WHAT?
slave labor
Raising sugarcane required more WHAT?
Ireland
After 1565, Anglo-Spanish rivalry extend WHERE?
Governor William Phips
Who pardoned all accused of witchcraft in 1693?
James, Duke of York
Charles II gave "New York" (hint) to WHO?
contract
Puritans believe that matrimony isn't a religious sacrament, it's WHAT?
Iroquois Confederacy
(League of the Iroquois) based on the condolence ritual, was created when all tribes of Iroquois submerged differences and created a council of chiefs
1500 AD
By what date did 75 million people inhabit Western Hemisphere and cluster in urbanized areas of Mesoamerica and South America?
Roger Williams
argued that civil government should be uninvolved in religious matters (challenged New England Way)
Scots-Irish
after 1718- WHAT GROUP fled to America in order to escape rack renting (frequent sharp increases in farm rents)?
African slaves
Rice farmers benefit by having what group work on the rice fields? (knowledge of rice planting, and immunity to diseases)
"Indian trade"
Glass beads and cloth began to be produced in Europe specifically for WHAT?
New Netherland
North America's first multi-ethnic colony
chief
Who is related to the sun in Mississippian culture?
trade networks
How did Hopewell culture have extensive religious and technological influence?
Great Awakening
1739- revival of European Protestantism in British America
James I
What ruler of England signed a charter, granting land in Virginia to joint-stock companies to fund money for colonies?
peak
Cahokia, by 1200
Monk's Mound
four-terraced structure
Lord Baltimore
Who was a favored English politician who was given the first grant of land in 1632, named the territory Maryland? (also called Calvert!)
Kieft's War
named for governor who ordered a massacre of previously friendly Indians who were protesting settler encroachments on Long Island
"headrights"
Virginia Company awards WHAT "pay for passage, they become indentured servants, usually labor 4-7 years)
William Penn
1664- Duke of York awarded New Jersey to a group of proprietors- WHO, John Lord Berkeley, and Sir Philip Carteret
French Huguenots
Who established a base in "South Carolina" in 1562? (Calvinists)
tobacco
John Rolfe adapted what plant to soil and conditions in Virginia?
river-born trade networks
What type of networks did the Mississippian culture have?
1654
What year did the Protestant majority ban Catholics from voting, and repealed the toleration act?
Powhatans
John Smith maintained a good relationship with WHAT group of Indians?
Anasazi culture
created unique apartment architecture and kivas, became most powerful people in the Southwest at their time, height of culture was around 900 and 1150, came to an end in 12th and 13th centuries
Bank of England
created in 1694 to ensure a stable money supply and to lay the foundation for a network of lending institutions
Black Protestantism
Long-term effect of GA: beginning of what branch of religion?
sun
In Mississippian religious ceremonies, what is the source of agricultural fertility?
Act for Religious Toleration
drafted by Lord Baltimore, affirmed liberty of worship
King Charles II
Provisional government crowned WHO (king) after Charles I was beheaded?
status
What was exemplified in burial services and types of graves in Cahokia?
during 1650's
When did the legislature of Virginia split into two chambers- the House of Burgesses and the Governor's Council?
Predestination
Termed by French theologian John Calvin to be "an omnipotent God predestined most sinful humans to hell, saving only a few in order to demonstrate his power and grace"
Enlightenment
ideals that combined "confidence in human reason with skepticism towards beliefs not founded on science or strict logic"
bumper crops
Pennsylvania= rich, level lands and lengthy growing season -->?
1st Navigation Act
enacted by Parliament, requiring that colonial trade be carried on in English-or colonial-owned vessels to take trade control from Dutch Merchants

Deck Info

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